The various causes of Crohn’s disease
Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory disease of the intestine of unknown origin, and it is the absence of an exact cause that makes the disease difficult to overcome, and Crohn’s disease can be called the “problem of the century” that has confused people for nearly a century. At present, the number of Crohn’s disease patients has reached millions worldwide, and the number of newborn patients in China is multiplying every year.
Crohn’s disease is known as Burrill Crohn’s disease. Crohn’s disease was named after Dr. Burrill Crohn, who introduced the disease in 1932 and worked with his colleague Leon Ginzburg. In 1932, Crohn proposed the disease and worked with colleagues Leon Ginzburg and Gordon Oppenheimer. Together with colleagues Leon Ginzburg and Gordon Oppenheimer, he published a landmark paper describing the various features of Crohn’s disease. Early “Crohn’s disease” was known as “limited enteritis” and was officially named Crohn’s disease (also known as CD) by the World Health Organization’s International Committee for the Organization of Medical Sciences in 1973.
Crohn’s disease is an inflammatory disease of the intestines of unknown origin, and the lack of an exact cause has made the disease difficult to overcome. At present, the number of Crohn’s disease patients has reached millions worldwide, and the number of newborn patients in China is multiplying every year.
The lack of an exact cause has undoubtedly brought about a great deal of resistance to treatment. Therefore, many medical organizations are now studying this problem, and there is no shortage of speculation about the cause of the disease, today we will talk about “Crohn’s disease” around the “cause”.
1. Mainstream claims
Most experts believe that Crohn’s disease is the result of a multifactorial effect, that is, many factors acting together to cause the disease, including three main factors: genes, the body’s inappropriate immune response, environmental factors.
The inheritance of one or more genes sets the stage for the development of Crohn’s disease, and then some trigger in the environment is needed to cause the disease to develop, which may be viral or bacterial, or something else. Whatever the cause, it will activate the body’s immune system, which combats the external invading material, which is both the beginning of inflammation. Unfortunately, the immune system does not shut down, thus allowing the inflammation to continue.
”At present, it is generally accepted that the disease is caused by autoimmune disorder that attacks the digestive system regardless of the enemy, so the current medication is biased towards “suppressing the immune system”, but what causes the immune system disorder is not known”.
2.Bacterial strain
The intestine is the body’s largest immune organ, more than 70% of the body’s immune cells are located in the intestinal mucosa, which contains a much higher number of lymphocytes than other lymphoid tissues. In addition, the intestine is the body’s “second brain”, it has more than 100 million neurons, can operate independently, independent judgment, giving orders. Among them, microorganisms such as bacteria, protozoa, and viruses that are symbiotic or parasitic with the human body in the intestine can be called the “second genome” of human beings. In addition to the intestinal body, there are more than a million microorganisms living in the intestine, and the interaction between the two is balanced to ensure the overall health of the intestine.
Nowadays, there is an increasing number of opinions that the pathogenesis of Crohn’s disease is due to bacterial strains, and experts and scholars have put forward many ideas: some think it is related to the imbalance of intestinal strains; some think it is due to certain bacteria; some think it is due to the absence of certain bacteria or autoimmune defects.
As early as October 21, 2008, the French National Institute of Health and Medical Research announced that a study had found that the intestinal flora of patients with Crohn’s disease was severely deficient in Clostridium perfringens and that the number of the main bacterium in this flora was almost zero. -The absence of F. Prausnitzii is the main reason for this situation. Researchers believe that it is the low number of this bacterium that leads to the disruption of the human intestinal immune system, and they also found that even in patients with Crohn’s disease who have undergone surgery, if the number of this bacterium in the body is still very low, then the chances of recurrence of the old disease will also increase.
Since then, in 2012, researchers from the University of New South Wales in Australia showed that the microbial colony balance of the Crohn’s disease gut is related, revealing that bacteria including Campylobacter briefum may trigger the infection. A meta-analysis of relevant papers and cases by the Department of Gastroenterology at Jiangsu Provincial People’s Hospital found that the rate of H. pylori infection was significantly lower in Crohn’s patients than in other patients. Meanwhile researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital and other places found that in Crohn’s patients, the level of specific bacteria in the intestine appears abnormally high or low and the intestinal microbial balance is disrupted.
Recently, more and more studies have confirmed the relationship between Mycobacterium avium paratuberculosis (MAP) and the development of Crohn’s disease, and it is even suspected that this bacterium is the “culprit” in the development of Crohn’s disease.
3. Genetic predisposition
Researchers have found that Crohn’s disease has a tendency to run in families, and in fact, Crohn’s disease has a risk of being passed on to the next generation, and many early researchers thought it might be genetic.
As early as ’03, Dr. Sanjay Lala from the Royal Free University School of Medicine in London, UK, showed that the NOD2 gene was strongly associated with susceptibility to terminal ileal Crohn’s disease (CD). By ’07, a team of researchers from the United States and Canada published a major article stating that three important genes were identified whose mutations significantly increased the risk of Crohn’s disease: PHOX2B, NCF4, and ATG16L1. thereafter, the French National Institute of Agronomy published a bulletin stating that they found that abnormal expression of a gene called CEACAM6 drives E. coli to attach to the epithelial cells of the intestine and multiply, thus triggering inflammation of the digestive system.
4. Environment and lifestyle
A news headline ” Crohn’s disease, looking for young people who are too clean”, you will be surprised to read, what is the relationship between cleanliness and the development of immune diseases?
The theory behind this statement is as follows: “People who live in a too clean environment are under the protection of various cleaning agents for a long time, the immune system rarely comes into contact with bacteria, but when invaded by the outside world, then our immune system is as indiscriminate as the grass is.
This “germ-free” lifestyle makes the body more susceptible to allergies. Scientists in Germany recently found that the number of children living in the lower classes in India, Indonesia and Africa who suffer from allergies is only 50 percent of the number of children in developed countries in Europe and the United States. Children who spend their days playing with animals on farms are half as likely to develop the autoimmune disease Crohn’s disease as other children.
So, a comfortable living environment does not necessarily mean good health, and undoubtedly, good health can better help us fight off the disease.
Lifestyle: Crohn’s patients are mostly young people, looking back on the past perhaps many people have the same experience: “stay up late, long hours on the computer, love to eat all kinds of snacks and snacks, irregular lifestyle, etc.” Although it is not clear whether these are related to the onset of the disease, but people with these bad habits are more likely to develop Crohn’s which is a fact. The funny thing is that when you study individual cases of Crohn’s disease, you can always find cases that are the opposite of your own.
Focusing on the global history of Crohn’s disease, like the history of the rise of great nations, the disease seems to follow the footsteps of economic development. Processed foods and genetically modified foods have been put on our tables, and it is not known whether humans have changed the food or the food has changed the body’s genes. With the exposure of various “food scandals”, nowadays food safety problems do not want to say more ……
5. Removal of the appendix
The appendix has always been considered a redundant and useless tissue on the body, but Japanese researchers found in animal experiments that the appendix can provide immune cells to the intestine, playing a role in maintaining the balance of bacteria in the intestine. Comparing lab rats with and without appendix removal, it was found that the immune cells responsible for making antibodies that maintain bacterial balance in the intestine were reduced by half in the large intestine of the rats with appendix removal, and the bacterial balance in the intestine collapsed.
Since ulcerative colitis and Crohn’s disease are both thought to develop due to a breakdown in the intestinal bacterial balance, researchers believe that perhaps people who have had their appendixes removed are more likely to develop Crohn’s disease, but this is all yet to be studied.
6, breast milk
Breast milk is the single most natural, safe and complete natural food for growing babies, rich in nutrients and containing all the nutrients and antibodies that babies need to ensure normal, healthy development.
The antibodies in breastmilk are mainly found in colostrum, with immunoglobulin A as the main component. Immunoglobulin A accounts for 89.8% of the immunoglobulins in colostrum 0 The amount of immunoglobulin A in milk on the first and second postpartum days is 13.5 and 5.4 times higher than the amount of serotype immunoglobulin A in normal human blood, respectively. Immunoglobulin A resists acidity and hydrolysis by proteases in the gastrointestinal tract and maintains its antibody activity in the digestive tract. Immunoglobulin A resists infection by a variety of pathogenic microorganisms including bacteria, viruses, and fungi. In addition, colostrum 1-2 days after delivery also contains high levels of immunoglobulin M, which reaches or even exceeds the level in normal human serum, but lasts for a short period of time, dropping to trace amounts 7 days after delivery. Breast milk also contains a small amount of immunoglobulin G, the concentration of which is less than 1% of the blood concentration, but lasts for a longer period of time and can be maintained until 6 months after delivery.
Research on breast milk related institutions claim that breastfeeding can prevent Crohn’s disease, and from the above text we learn that breast milk can provide newborn babies with antibodies to meet all the child’s growth needs while fending off foreign germs, so a child without breastfeeding is naturally a deficiency.