Bacillary dysentery is mainly transmitted by fecal-oral transmission. The pathogenic bacteria are excreted in the feces of patients or carriers, and infected through contaminated water, food, household items or hands, via human and oral transmission. If the water or food is contaminated, it may cause an epidemic outbreak. For bacillary dysentery, the population is generally susceptible and can gain some immunity after the disease, but it is usually short-lived and unstable. Once bacillary dysentery is diagnosed, patients should seek prompt medical attention and prompt anti-infective treatment, with quinolones being the antibiotics of choice. Patients should have a light diet, mainly liquid, and intravenous rehydration should be given if necessary to prevent the appearance of dehydration.