Women of childbearing age with chronic hepatitis B often need to consider the impact of antiviral therapy during pregnancy on their own safety and that of the fetus. However, due to the limited research on the safety of antiviral drugs in pregnancy, mostly from experimental animal studies and partly from HIV/AIDS clinical practice, there is a lack of data on large sample sizes of nucleoside (acid) analogs for the treatment of chronic hepatitis B in women of childbearing age, and thus nucleoside (acid) analogs are classified by the WHO as class B/C drugs in pregnancy. However, studies have shown that lamivudine, for example, can inhibit hepatitis B virus replication, reduce liver lesions, and decrease intrauterine infections in late pregnancy, and does not affect fetal development. Therefore, the need for antiviral therapy in women of childbearing age should be weighed against the pros and cons and applied rationally. In this article, Yi Jianhua, Department of Infection, Wuhan Union Hospital, discusses the application of interferon in women of childbearing age, clinical evidence for the use of nucleoside (acid) analogs in pregnant patients, nucleoside (acid) analog therapy in pregnant patients with chronic hepatitis B, perinatal mother-to-child transmission of HBV and its interruption measures, and the safety of breastfeeding in HBV-infected mothers.1 Application of interferon in women of childbearing age Asia Pacific Association for the Study of the Liver The 2008 Asia Pacific Hepatitis B Treatment Guidelines recommend interferon therapy as the first choice for women of childbearing age who are not pregnant. This is due to the clear therapeutic duration (48 weeks) of interferon versus nucleoside (acid) analogs and the greater serologic response that can be obtained. One study showed that HBeAg seroconversion rates of 41% in patients with ALT > 5 x ULN and 53% in patients with HBV DNA ≤ 9.0 log10copies/ml were achieved after 48 weeks of follow-up to week 24 in HBeAg-positive chronic hepatitis B patients treated with pegylated interferon α-2a. HBeAg seroconversion patients with 1 year of follow-up still The HBeAg seroconversion rate was 86% in patients who continued to maintain HBeAg seroconversion at 1 year follow-up, and the HBV DNA