Bleeding from the renal papillae and renal pelvis usually manifests as hematuria. And hematuria is a serious symptom and the patient is extremely frightened. The patient should be reassured and explained that 1 to 3 ML of blood in 1000 ML of urine is hematuria of the naked eye. Blood loss is not serious. What are the causes of renal papilla and renal pelvis bleeding? Trauma, renal pelvic stones, ureteral stones, glomerulonephritis, pyelonephritis, cystitis, prostatitis, lesions in the adjacent tissues and organs of the urinary tract, blood diseases, infectious diseases, hypertensive arteriosclerosis, hypercalcemia, hyperuricemia, urological tumors, renal arteriosclerosis, congenital renal malformations, renal prolapse or wandering, heavy physical labor or long-distance sports, toxic damage by drugs, lumbar trauma, etc. Most of the kidney stones are located in the pelvis and calyces, and parenchymal stones are rare. Plain films show single or multiple round, oval or obtuse triangular dense shadows in the kidney area with high and uniform density. The edges are mostly smooth, but some are not smooth and mulberry-shaped. Small stones in the pelvis and calyces may move with body position, and larger stones may have a typical antler or coral shape, consistent with the morphology of the lumen in which they are located. Sometimes the stone may fill the entire pelvis and resemble a pyelogram. In the lateral view, most of the kidney stones overlap with the spine. Bleeding from the renal papillae and pelvis can be detected by imaging studies such as x-ray and urography, which are unavoidable steps in the diagnosis of kidney and urinary tract disease. If urography is done directly without taking plain films, stones may be masked and missed, and calyx stones may be misdiagnosed as renal tuberculosis cavities. Urograms should include the kidney, ureter and bladder. Ortho and lateral views should be taken to differentiate gallbladder stones from kidney stones. Intravenous pyelography is one of the most commonly used X-ray imaging methods to diagnose kidney disease. IVP not only shows the calyces, pelvis, ureter and bladder lumen, but also provides a general understanding of the excretory function of both kidneys. Therefore, it is the most common and effective diagnostic method for kidney and urinary system diseases. Retrograde pyelogram is characterized by direct injection of contrast agent, which not only shows the renal pelvis and calyces clearly, but also is not limited by renal function. Percutaneous nephrostomy, as well as routine urinalysis are used for diagnosis.