Three major manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome

There are no three major manifestations of antiphospholipid syndrome, and its common clinical manifestations are mainly morbid pregnancy (e.g., spontaneous abortion and stillbirth) and thrombosis (e.g., deep vein thrombosis of the lower extremities). Antiphospholipid syndrome is a non-inflammatory autoimmune disease characterized by recurrent arterial and venous thrombosis, habitual miscarriage, thrombocytopenia, and persistent moderate-to-high titer positivity of antiphospholipid antibodies. Its main manifestations are pathological pregnancy and thrombosis. 1. Pathological pregnancy: the most common are spontaneous abortion and stillbirth, which can occur at any stage of pregnancy, with the fourth to ninth month of pregnancy being the most common. Maternal spiral artery lesions are significant, and pathological changes such as endothelial hyperplasia and deposition of fibrin-like material in the wall can be seen. 2. Thrombosis: It can occur in all large, medium and small arteries and veins and is recurrent. Usually there is no inflammation, and venous thrombosis of the lower extremity venous thrombosis and pulmonary embolism are the most common. If there is antiphospholipid syndrome and other related discomfort, it is recommended to go to a regular hospital to avoid delay.