Cholesterol and triglycerides are the two main lipid components in the human body. Clinically, many patients have elevated cholesterol and triglyceride levels, which can be caused by the following conditions: First, patients usually do not pay attention to their diet and eat too much fatty foods, such as fried foods, which can cause elevated cholesterol and triglycerides. Second, due to genetic problems in lipid metabolism, familial hypercholesterolemia and hypertriglyceridemia can occur. Third, there are some diseases that can accompany elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, the more common ones being diabetes and hypothyroidism. If patients have elevated cholesterol and triglycerides, they should pay attention to a low-fat diet on the one hand, and use appropriate lipid-lowering drugs for treatment according to the doctor’s recommendations on the other hand.