Screening for neonatal diseases refers to group screening for certain serious and harmful congenital metabolic and endocrine diseases through blood tests, early diagnosis when biochemical and hormonal changes are already relatively obvious before clinical symptoms are manifested or when they are mild, so as to provide early treatment and avoid abnormal development, intellectual backwardness and even death caused by irreversible damage to important organs. The purpose of the screening is to reduce the occurrence of mentally retarded children and developmental abnormalities and to improve the quality of the population. Due to the limitations of the conditions, only two diseases, congenital hypothyroidism (CH) and phenylketonuria (PKU), have been screened in our city. In the 10 years since this work was carried out, nearly 400,000 children have been screened and those who screened positive have been given timely diagnosis and treatment. Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase deficiency (G6PD), commonly known as silkworm disease, is a defective erythrocyte enzyme disorder and is an X-linked incomplete dominant genetic disorder. In China is one of the high prevalence areas of the disease, showing the distribution characteristics of high in the south and low in the north, mainly in the south of the Yangtze River to the provinces, with Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Guizhou, Sichuan and other provinces as high, rare in northern areas. The prevalence is 0.2~44.8%, both men and women can suffer from the disease, the disease gene is located on the X chromosome, the incidence is mainly male, male: female = 2:1. The cause of the disease is due to the mutation of the G6PD gene, resulting in the reduction of the enzyme activity, red blood cells can not resist oxidative damage by destruction, causing hemolytic anemia. The clinical presentation is approximately the same as that of general hemolytic anemia. About 50% of children in the neonatal period develop neonatal jaundice, of which about 12% may develop kernicterus, leading to brain damage and causing mental retardation. If a child is diagnosed with fava bean disease, he or she should abstain from eating fava beans and processed products, and avoid going to fava bean season during the flowering, fruiting or harvesting season. Prohibit the use of naphthalene-containing stink pills (mothballs) into the closet to repel insects. Prohibited drugs are acetanilide, methylene blue, nitroimidazole, furandan ding, furazolidone, furacilin, phenylhydrazine, boroquinoline, pentamidine quinine, sulfanilamide, acetylsulfanilamide, sulfadiazine, thiazolone, toluidine blue, SMZ, TNT, etc. Drugs to be used with caution include paracetamol, filgrastim, aspirin, aminopyrine, antipyrine, antabuse, vitamin C, vitamin K, chloramphenicol, streptomycin, isoniazid, sulfadiazine, sulfaguanidine, sulfisoxazole, chloroquine, colchicine, diphenhydramine, levodopa, phenytoin sodium, procainamide, etanercept, quinidine, quinine, SM, TMP, euglycemia, etc. Congenital cortical Hyperplasia is a common chromosomally invisible genetic disorder. It is a disease caused by congenital genetic defects in certain enzymes involved in the synthesis of adrenocortical steroids. There are nine enzyme defects, the most common being 21-hydroxylase, followed by 11-hydroxylase, 17a-hydroxylase and 3-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase. The clinical picture is characterized by varying degrees of hyperalgesia with abnormal sexual characteristics. It is most common in girls, with a male to female ratio of about 1:2. 21-hydroxylase deficiency (ZD-OHD) is the most common type, accounting for 90-95% of typical cases. The manifestations are 1, pre-salt adrenocortical crisis, electrolyte disorders female infants: vulvar hermaphroditism, male infants: penile enlargement, but within 1 year of age is often not obvious skin mucous membrane pigmentation 2, simple masculine type: girls show pseudohypogynous malformation, 6 months after birth boys show pseudo-precocious maturity, bone age ahead of time, and eventually short height, skin pigmentation.