What to do after total laryngectomy

  His age was 63 years old, he was a single person in his family, his spouse was widowed early, he had no children, and his education level was not high and his literacy was limited. The tumor was extensive, and there was no lymph node metastasis or systemic metastasis.  After a comprehensive analysis of the patient’s condition, it was concluded that for such an extensive tumor, total laryngectomy was routinely required for complete resection and to minimize the chance of recurrence in the future, while total laryngectomy would inevitably result in the loss of the patient’s articulatory function and seriously affect the daily life of this single elderly man with no children around and no one to take care of him. How can an old man who has no one to depend on face the future “speechless” life?  What to do?  In order to let the patient have the function of articulation and improve the ability of self-care after total laryngectomy, Dr. Zhongqi Liu proposed the treatment plan of “total laryngectomy, anterior cervical cutaneous tracheostomy and one-stage articulatory tube reconstruction”. The so-called “one-stage articulatory duct reconstruction” is a tailor-made surgery for Lao Guo, which can rebuild the patient’s articulatory function. In the past, doctors often tried to reconstruct the articulatory canal in the second stage after surgery, but the success rate was not high, and the second surgery increased the trauma and financial burden of the patient, which was difficult for the majority of patients to accept. The first-stage articulatory canal reconstruction and the first-stage articulatory canal reconstruction have been tried by ENT doctors recently, but the technology is more complicated, the reconstruction surgery is difficult and the surgical risk is higher, and if it is not successful, it will cause secondary surgical trauma for the patients.  On the morning of May 17, 2010, Dr. Liu Zhongqi, chief physician, led the pharyngeal head and neck team to work closely with nurse Tian Mei in the operating room, Dr. Meng Xiuli in the anesthesiology department and other medical staff. First, the laryngeal body and the first tracheal cartilage ring, which were severely invaded by the tumor, were completely excised, and the surrounding normal blood vessels, nerves, muscles and mucosa were preserved as much as possible. Then, the mucosal flap was cut from the esophagus and the articulatory tube was reconstructed between the patient’s trachea and esophagus, and finally the patient’s tracheal opening was sutured to the skin opening in front of the neck to complete the anterior cervical tracheostomy.  The completion of the surgery does not mean the success of the articulation reconstruction, because a postoperative recovery to the process is needed. In order to prevent postoperative adhesions and closure, the articulatory tube has a built-in dilator tube. If the surgical technique is not properly handled, it may lead to food leakage into the trachea through the articulatory tube when eating, resulting in choking and pneumonia. May 18, 2010 was a day of a lifetime for Lao Guo because on that day, after the dilated tube was removed, Lao Guo blocked the opening of the trachea in front of the neck with his fingers and exhaled with force. Entering the pharyngeal cavity, the mucous membrane of the pharyngeal cavity vibrated, and an “ah” sound was made.  When he heard the sound he made, he was so excited that he burst into tears and said his first words to Dr. Liu Zhongqi 10 days after the operation: “Thank you. After another 4 days of adaptation and practice, Lao Guo was able to speak 12-13 words at a time from 2-3 words at the beginning, and his words were loud and clear. The doctors and nurses were both surprised and happy to see Lao Guo greeting others casually with language in the ward.  We know that cancer is one of the most persistent diseases of human beings. Laryngeal cancer is one of the common malignant tumors of the head and neck, the second most common cancer of the respiratory tract after lung cancer, and the incidence of laryngeal cancer has been gradually increasing in recent 10 years, with an annual incidence rate of 4.4/1 million, accounting for about 1% to 2% of all malignant tumors in China and 11% to 22% of ENT cancers.  For patients with middle and advanced laryngeal cancer, the safest and most effective treatment is to remove the whole larynx and the tumor, i.e. total laryngectomy. As the larynx is an important part of human body, total laryngectomy will lose the function of speech and seriously affect the quality of life. For more than 100 years, it has been a great challenge for human beings to reconstruct articulation efficiently, but happily, after tireless efforts, medical practitioners have There are three major ways to reconstruct articulation: pharyngo-esophageal articulation, artificial larynx, and surgical reconstruction of articulatory structures.  Although pharyngoesophageal articulation can be pronounced without additional surgery or additional devices, it is difficult and requires special training. Even after a long time of training and practice, some patients still cannot master this articulation method, and even if they can pronounce, there are low loudness and short duration of vocalization, some patients do not spit out words clearly, and they must change their breath to speak a long sentence, and some patients complain that they are prone to Some patients complain that they are prone to abdominal distension, heartburn and other discomfort. Artificial larynx requires some electronic or mechanical devices to pronounce words, but it is not easy for the majority of patients to accept due to the expensive and mechanical sound.  The reconstruction of the articulatory canal, through the surgical reconstruction of the structure, can be pronounced after surgery without special training, and the sound quality and volume of the voice can be similar to that of a normal person. Lao Guo received the first-stage articulatory duct reconstruction, which means that after the surgery to remove the throat and tumor, the articulatory duct is reconstructed through the esophageal mucosa immediately, and the two operations of tumor treatment and voice restoration are completed in one operation. This is a scientifically convenient, minimally invasive and less expensive treatment method, which is of great significance for such patients to rejoin mainstream society and improve their quality of life after surgery.  The reconstruction of articulatory function in patients with total laryngectomy is a serious challenge for otolaryngology-head and neck surgeons. However, due to the lack of surgical technique and theoretical experience, the success rate is often low and the articulation fails; moreover, the second-stage surgery increases the extra physical trauma and economic burden of patients, which is difficult for the majority of patients to accept. Recently, with the accumulation of technical experience and unremitting exploration, otolaryngologists began to try one-stage articulatory canal attempts. One-stage articulatory canal reconstruction completes both operations of tumor treatment and voice restoration in one operation, with slight trauma and low cost. Dr. Liu Zhongqi, chief physician of the Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery of Beihang Medical College, advocated one-stage articulatory tube reconstruction after total laryngectomy, using hypopharyngeal and esophageal mucosa to perform articulatory tube reconstruction in one stage with pure surgical skills, which not only facilitates surgical operation, but also reduces the pain of re-operation and extra financial burden of patients, with excellent postoperative results. At this time, we are glad to see that the Department of Otolaryngology and Head and Neck Surgery of Beihang Hospital continues to be a pioneer in the field of articulation reconstruction after total laryngectomy for laryngeal cancer patients, leading the progress of medical academics and spreading the gospel to patients all over the world!