Current skull repair is a routine procedure in neurosurgery and one that has a long history. Thousands of years ago, our ancestors already performed such surgical procedures. After a long period of development and progress, cranial repair surgery has become very mature and widely performed under current modern medical conditions. Currently, one of the most important factors affecting the outcome of cranial repair is the choice of cranial repair material. This is also an important issue of concern for most patients with cranial defects. In fact, during the long history of development and evolution, cranial repair materials have undergone continuous changes and innovations. During the development of cranial bone repair, flannel sheets, metal sheets, animal bone, autologous bone, plexiglass, calcium phosphate bone cement, hydroxyapatite, silicone, etc. were used. However, due to various problems, these materials have been withdrawn from the historical stage and are no longer used. Currently, titanium mesh materials are widely used in general primary hospitals across the country. Titanium mesh material is more advanced than the earlier materials. However, it is not very ideal, and there are still some defects and shortcomings in clinical application, and some adverse reactions may occur after surgery. For example, some patients may suffer from infection rejection and scalp abrasion after titanium mesh skull repair, resulting in scalp ulceration and material exposure, which may affect post-surgical ct MRI. Because titanium mesh is not insulated, patients are more sensitive to external hot and cold environments after surgery, leading to discomfort. In addition, the hardness of titanium mesh is not too high, so if it is impacted by external forces, it can easily deform, causing scalp collapse, etc. Therefore, titanium mesh material is not very ideal for skull repair. At present, there is a new and more advanced material – polyetheretherketone polyetheretherketone material. This is a special polymer material, which has various properties very close to human autologous cranial bone, and even stronger than autologous cranial bone in some aspects. Polyetheretherketone material has excellent tissue compatibility, material hardness, elasticity, thermal insulation, radiation transmission and molding effect. It well overcomes the above-mentioned problems that may arise from titanium mesh materials and achieves good restorative effects, becoming a new trend in cranial repair materials.