In fact the classic treatment paradigm for diabetes has primarily used medical therapy. In March 2011, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) issued an official position statement on bariatric surgery for the treatment of diabetes, acknowledging that bariatric surgery is an appropriate option for the treatment of certain obese patients with type 2 diabetes. Shortly after, the Chinese Diabetes Society and the Chinese Medical Association’s Surgery Branch jointly released a book. The indications for bariatric surgery for the treatment of diabetes were clearly presented: 1. Bariatric surgery may be considered in subpopulations of type 2 diabetes with or without complications with a body mass index (BMI) ≥ 35 kg/m2. Bariatric surgery should be one of the treatment options in Asian populations with BMI 30-35 kg/m2 and type 2 diabetes mellitus, when lifestyle interventions and pharmacotherapy are difficult to control blood glucose or complications, especially when cardiovascular risk factors are present. 3. In Asian population with BMI 28.0-29.9 kg/m2, if they have combined T2DM and have centripetal obesity (waist circumference >85 cm in women and >90 cm in men) and meet at least 2 additional criteria for metabolic syndrome: hypertriglyceridemia, reduced HDL-cholesterol levels, and hypertension. Bariatric surgery may also be considered as a treatment option for the above patients. 4. For adolescents with BMI ≥ 40 kg/m2 or ≥ 35 kg/m2 with severe co-morbidities, who are ≥ 15 years of age, skeletally mature, and in Tanner developmental class 4 or 5, bariatric surgery may also be considered as a treatment option with informed consent of the patient. 5. For patients with T2DM with BMI 25.0 to 27.9 kg/m2, surgery should be performed with the patient’s informed consent and strictly according to the study protocol. However, the nature of these procedures should be considered purely as part of a pilot study approved in advance by the ethics committee only, and should not be widely promoted. 6. Patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus who are <60 years of age or in good general health and at low risk for surgery. In addition, the consensus also details contraindications to bariatric surgery treatment, risk of surgical death, complications, preoperative and postoperative management, and emphasizes the importance of dietary guidance.