Ages 1-14, what kind of physical and mental characteristics and unique temperaments are displayed like a picture at all stages of life’s long journey. The final results from the Gesell Institute of Child Development at Yale University, which has followed children for more than 40 years and studied the changes and development of children’s behavior from age 1-14, show that the growth pattern of human behavior is so regular that it is even possible to predict with considerable accuracy what behavioral stage a child will be in after a certain stage of behavior. By understanding this life course, we look back on our own past lives and will surely illuminate our children’s future journeys! 1 ½ to 2 ½ Years Repeatedly moving between the “compliant” and “stubborn” phases. Between the ages of about 1.5 and 2.5, your child will repeatedly move between the “compliant” and “stubborn” periods. Because children grow rapidly at this time, these cycles are relatively short. A 2 year old is “no” oriented, rolls around, is stubborn, possessive, and selfish. All of these behaviors are simply because the child is beginning to have a sense of self, a will, and an intention. But they don’t know how to express it, and they don’t even understand their own intentions. When dealing with babies this young, discipline techniques are mainly based on de-escalation and detours. Safety first, don’t tell your child no play and no touch. You yourself should lock up what needs to be locked up and fasten the lids what needs to be fastened. You should feel out your child’s routine and take appropriate measures, such as getting your child fed, put to bed, taken elsewhere to play, etc., before they fall into traps that can lead to bad feelings. Don’t make it easy for your child to bargain and don’t give in especially on major matters. 3-Year-Olds Friendly, calm, secure, receptive, and willing to share. Although his always assertive refusal attitude diminishes at age 3 and is replaced by sharing or dependence, he also experiences his own growth and empowerment. He is quite mature and comfortable in the control of his body movements. His stride is steady and sharp turns are effortless. Language skills have also developed better. But the good times don’t last long, as defiance becomes the most characteristic feature of this period starting at age 3 ½ and ending at age 4. 3 ½ is an age of introversion, anxiety, insecurity, and at the same time extreme willpower. The 3 ½ year old is very insecure and even in his physical development, he shows insecurity such as stuttering, falling a lot and sometimes shaking with nervousness. He is insecure on the one hand, yet on the other hand he wants to dominate the outer world. Because he can’t control his emotions, every day, he struggles to get by and lives an unpleasant life. 4-Year-Old Child The heart is alive, loves adventure, hiking, and excitement. He loves anything new, to meet people he doesn’t know, to go to new places, new games, new toys, new activities and new books. The 4-year-old discovers that adults are not all-powerful, although they still hold great power, and at the same time, he finds himself powerful. From his point of view, bad things can be done. The 4-year-old often talks about shit and poop. And by the age of 4 and a half, he begins to learn to bargain. From this time onwards, the child also gradually understands that things are good or bad. At this age, he’s happiest when he’s listening to a short story at bedtime. 5-Year-Olds Cheerful, happy, understanding, reasonable, and determined to be good children. One of the most delightful qualities of this age is that he loves life, enjoys himself, and sees the bright side of life all the time. The five-year-old becomes quieter, more restrained, and more family-oriented. He likes to follow established rules, limits, and feels more at ease and comfortable with what others have already tried, or what is a fait accompli. His most interesting time is now and his favorite place is here. The most important key to a 5 year old’s ability to stay out of trouble is that he has developed an amazing ability to determine what he can and cannot do. In other words, he has learned self-control, he can measure his own abilities, he can distinguish between what he can do and what he can’t do, he can judge very accurately, and he will only try those things that he thinks he can definitely do. With success, he builds confidence. The 6-year-old enters the stormy second rebellious period of his life, when his personality is extremely polarized. The center of his world is no longer his mother, but himself, and he wants everything to be the way he wants it to be. 6 year olds are at the extremes of being good and rebellious at the same time, and it is very common for them to write strokes or numbers backwards. He is competitive in everything and can hardly tolerate any failure. And he is in a sensitive period where he is easily hurt. The biggest problem is that his relationship with his mother is also bipolar, as he is deeply dependent on her, but at the same time tries to stand up for himself, mentally wishing that he didn’t have to depend on anyone. At the age of 6, the distinction between “his own things” and “other people’s things” is not yet clear, so it is common for the child to take away other people’s things that he likes. The 7 year old doesn’t talk back to you as much as he did when he was 6 years old, but he doesn’t like to socialize as much. He tends to have a poor memory, is easily distracted, dawdles at work, and is not interested in helping with chores. When people ask him to do something, he often doesn’t answer or act for a long time. He lives in his own secret garden with a sentimental tone. He feels that people don’t like him and intentionally pick on him. 7 year olds are prone to visualize everything in a bad light. The 7-year-old cares about not being late for school, completing his homework on time, and receiving his things in his own place. From this time on, the child knows how to care about what other people say about him. To be precise, he begins to care about what his teachers think of him, and begins to have the intention of being a good student who satisfies his teachers. Moreover, his mind matures to the point where he needs his own space. This is the reason why he likes to receive his things in his own place. If he can, this is the time when a child needs his own desk, his own drawers, his own box, his own bed. The buds of building a sense of morality have begun to appear in the 7-year-old. He begins to care about not being able to take other people’s things (although occasionally he still does); not being able to lie or cheat, not going to deny or excuse what he has done wrong; and he will be very willing to follow the rules, scrupulously and without error. The 8-year-old’s “signature trait” is an outgoing and cheerful personality. The complete opposite of the 7-year-old’s sullen withdrawal, he is full of energy, like to go up to meet all the difficulties and challenges, and do things much more quickly. Another complete opposite of the 7 year old is the sudden transformation into a chatterbox. He is very willing to be a good boy, to get things done and to follow the rules. Very eager to be recognized and praised by others, and very sensitive to their criticism. So when he is blamed and criticized, he tends to make excuses or blame others first so that he can bear it easier. An 8-year-old child is the age when he needs his mom most emotionally. He always likes to spend time with his mom, which makes him feel that he “owns” her. No matter how busy a mother is, she must set aside at least half an hour every day to wholeheartedly satisfy her child’s psychological need to “possess all of his mother”. This will help your child get through the period of psychological attachment to his mom, and lay the foundation for him to become independent at the age of 9. At this time, he is full of interest in exploration and adventure, and his sense of space has expanded a lot. He loves geography and enjoys studying and even utilizing maps. It is important to note, however, that 8-year-olds have the highest rate of injuries of any age group. 9-Year-Olds The age of independence and persistence, the year when learning ability increases across the board. In the years prior to this, each higher grade level seemed to require homework that was just a little more difficult than the previous year. Now there is a huge leap: Competence in fourth grade requires not only new ways of thinking, new abstractions, but also new ways of applying some of the knowledge. Teachers are well aware that the demands on fourth-grade elementary school students are a leap of faith, but many parents don’t understand this. As a result, children who have always learned well in the past may now unexpectedly become struggling with their studies, which can often be quite unbelievable to parents. Despite the fact that many nine year olds face quite severe demands of schoolwork, more children enjoy going to school. The child may come home talking about school more than ever before. He especially likes to talk about certain successes and outstanding performances of his own, as well as about certain special things that happened at school. Since a sense of accomplishment is quite important to children of this age, little boys and girls tend to become very good at doing their best, whether it is doing homework or playing, and they do not want to fail. 10 year olds Life is very good and are more of an action child than a thinking child. Overall, the 10-year-old is much better off than the 9-year-old, especially since he can “do more.” The 10-year-old is a doer, not a thinker. The simple things that bring him great joy, such as being able to go out to play after dinner, not having homework, patronizing a children’s playground… Fears are few and far between. Children who used to be afraid of dogs and the dark are actually no longer afraid of these naturally, according to reports from 10-year-olds. The most common emotion expressed by 10-year-olds is anger. Surprising, isn’t it? This adorable little kid, when he gets angry, it’s a volcanic eruption, fast and furious, even kicking and biting. Although 10 year olds can cry, in general they think, “I’m too old to cry,” so tears are minimal at this age. 11-year-olds are dynamic and unstable at all times. Eleven year olds do not follow a routine in terms of self-care and daily routines. Emotionally, the first signs of rebellion are growing. 11 year olds are growing in self-awareness and independence, and are often erratic, so parents need to be understanding. 12-Year-Olds Character and actions are in a more desirable state, and the characteristics of early adolescence come to the fore. 12-year-olds are confident, independent, understanding, and self-assertive. In terms of interpersonal relationships, they have a more relaxed relationship with their family, are less exclusive with the opposite sex, and have a wide range of interests, favoring group activities. They are enthusiastic, even over-enthusiastic, about student life. In terms of morality, they are a little more thoughtful and a little less impulsive. Thirteen-Year-Olds During the year of self-personality entanglement, hands-on ability frequently shines through The 13-year-old makes a sudden turn or brakes sharply on the road to youth. He changes from the sunny, calm 12-year-old, and once again falls into a state of entanglement. Reluctant to socialize, introverted, a bit withdrawn, unwilling to be spied on. However, when it comes to getting their hands dirty, they have frequent flashes of brilliance and enjoy knocking around, fixing and making things themselves. Overall, 13-year-olds are already clearly showing the characteristics of adolescents. 14-Year-Olds An energizing year, but you can’t ignore the unexpected events that occur In this energizing year, you’ll see the teenager with a varied role. He loves school, loves to socialize, and is willing to make the most of his life. 14-year-olds are more inclusive and less judgmental about things they don’t like to see than they were a year ago. Despite all the advantages that 14 year olds possess, it cannot be ignored that some boys and girls are exposed to drugs at this time. Sexually, young people at the age of 14 may encounter problems such as unwanted pregnancies and abortions because they do not have enough knowledge and information. At this time, it is very necessary and tricky for parents to face and manage their children’s sexual problems. The good news is that the majority of 14-year-olds show a stronger sense of responsibility, which is something to be happy about.