Teaching you how to understand: routine blood, white blood cells, red blood cells, platelets
There are more than 20 routine blood tests, some of which are specialized items for special diseases only. For general diseases, you only need to pay attention to five items: white blood cell count and white blood cell classification, red blood cell count, hemoglobin and platelet count.
I. Red blood cells (RBC)
Mainly composed of protein and iron, the main function of red blood cells is to carry and release oxygen to various organs and tissues, and bring back the metabolite carbon dioxide to the alveoli for discharge. The life span of RBCs is generally 120 days.
Red blood cell (RBC) count: 4.0-5.5×1012/L for normal males, 3.5-5.0×1012/L for females, and 6.0-7.0×1012/L for newborns.
Decrease: Various kinds of anemia. Increase: Commonly seen in chronic pulmonary heart lesions such as hemoconcentration due to dehydration or chronic tissue hypoxia, dehydration, true erythrocytosis, plateau hypoxia, etc.
Second, hemoglobin (HB).
Commonly known as hemoglobin, is a complex organic compound containing divalent iron, located in the red blood cells, accounting for about 34% of the volume of red blood cells, is the real direct carry and release of oxygen and carbon dioxide substances.
Normal values are: 120-160g/L for men, 110-150g/L for women; (120-140)g/L for children. the clinical significance of increased or decreased hemoglobin is similar to that of red blood cells. In general, the ratio of red blood cell count to hemoglobin content is relatively fixed under normal conditions, but in some cases of anemia, the ratio between the two will change.
III. White blood cells (WBC).
Have the role of phagocytosis, digestion and elimination of foreign substances (bacteria, viruses, etc.). They also have the function of cellular and humoral immunity, so they are called “human body guards”, and the average life span of white blood cells is 13 days. White blood cell count and classification are used to help analyze the causes of disease and to observe the evolution and efficacy of disease.
White blood cell (WBC) count: 4-10×109/L for normal adults, 15-20×109/L for newborns, 11-12×10 9/L for infants aged 8 months to 2 years. The decrease is common in viral infectious diseases such as influenza, measles and severe sepsis, due to drugs or radiation and certain blood diseases.
The leukocyte classification count is divided into 5 categories (by percentage)
First, neutrophils (N) normal 65-75%, increased or decreased for the same reasons as the white blood cell count;
The second is lymphocytes (L) normal 20-40%, increased in neutropenia, tuberculosis, whooping cough, etc.; its decrease is common in neutropenia;
Third, eosinophils (E), normal is 0.5-5%, increased in parasitic diseases, allergic diseases, etc.;
Fourth, eosinophils (B), normal 0-1%, is of little clinical significance;
Fifth, monocytes, (M) normal for 3-8%, increased in the recovery period of acute infectious diseases.
Fourth, platelet count: the English abbreviation PLT , platelets are involved in the hemostasis and coagulation process. The normal reference value is: (100-300) × 109 / L. Decrease in platelets is common in primary thrombocytopenic purpura, aplastic anemia, diffuse intravascular coagulation, drug allergy to thrombocytopenia and other diseases.
Increased (>400×109/L): seen after splenectomy; true erythrocytosis; chronic leukemia, etc.
Note that the normal reference values for each of the above tests are only the average values for the majority of the normal population, and there are still about 5% of normal people who do not fall within this range. Also, depending on the hospital and the measuring machine, there will be small variations, so pay attention to the analysis when using them.
The summary table of routine blood items, abbreviations, reference values and units
Chinese name English abbreviation Reference value range Unit
White blood cell WBC (4~10)×109/L
Red blood cell RBC 3.5～5.5×1012/L
Hemoglobin HGB 110～170g/L
Erythrocyte pressure HCT 0.37～0.50
Mean red blood cell volume CV 80～98fL
Mean red hemoglobin content MCH 27～~~31pg
Mean red hemoglobin concentration MCHC 320～360g/L
Platelets PLT (100～400)×109/L
Lymphocytes % LYM % 20～40%
Intermediate cells % MXD % 3.5-15%
Neutrophils NEUT% 50-70%
Absolute value of lymphocytes LYMPH (1.0 to 3.3)×109/L
Absolute value of intermediate cells MXD (0.2-1.5)×109/L
Absolute value of neutrophils NEUT (1.8~6.4)×109/L
Standard deviation of red blood cell distribution width RDW Less than 0.15
Mean platelet volume MPV 6.0-11.0fL
Large platelet ratio P-LCR 0.13-0.43