Hematopoietic failure refers to the failure of bone marrow stem cells to proliferate and divide normally for various reasons, resulting in a decrease in the number of blood cells in the peripheral blood, i.e., a significant decrease in the number of red blood cells, white blood cells and platelets. After hematopoietic failure, there are two ways to treat the patient: the first way is to treat the patient symptomatically by replenishing the red blood cells and platelets in time. If the decrease in white blood cell count causes infection, anti-infection treatment can be given. The second approach is to treat the cause. If the hematopoietic failure is caused by chronic aplastic anemia, the patient can be treated with drugs such as cyclosporine and Conilon. Acute aplastic anemia can also be treated with anti-lymphocyte globulin or by applying bone marrow transplantation. If the hematopoietic failure of bone marrow is caused after chemotherapy, various stimulating factors, including granulocyte colony-stimulating factor and recombinant human platelet-producing hormone, need to be given for treatment.