The indication for spinal canal enlargement and decompression is spinal canal stenosis that has failed conservative treatment or is progressively worsening. Enlarged decompression of the spinal canal involves surgical incision of the spinal canal to enlarge the intervertebral volume in order to improve the compressed spinal canal, and thus the neurological symptoms caused by the narrowed spinal canal. The procedure is primarily used for spinal stenosis, such as cervical spinal stenosis, thoracic spinal stenosis, and lumbar spinal stenosis. Enlarged decompression of the spinal canal can take different surgical methods according to different types of spinal canal stenosis, such as cervical spinal stenosis can take cervical single- or double-door, posterior hemilaminectomy or total laminectomy; lumbar spinal stenosis can be lumbar hemilaminectomy or interlaminar enlargement windowing, and so on. There are also contraindications to spinal canal enlargement and decompression, mainly for those with abnormal cardiac and renal function and those who cannot tolerate the surgery. Spinal canal enlargement and decompression surgery can make the compressed dura mater expand and reduce the nerve tension, thus improving the symptoms of spinal stenosis. The procedure needs to be performed in a regular hospital.