Many parents will notice that their child has one side of the scrotum without small balls (testicles), i.e., go to the outpatient clinic. What is this condition? The term is cryptorchidism, which in layman’s terms means that the testicle is not in the scrotum and can significantly affect fertility. A pediatric surgeon, especially a pediatric urologist, will be able to provide a good treatment plan. However, in the outpatient clinic, we encountered many children who came to the clinic when they were already 7, 8 years old, or even older, in particular, a 30-year-old patient with a right inguinal hernia came to perform laparoscopic hernia repair, only to find that the right testicle is located in the root of the thigh, and there is no testicle in the left scrotum, and after marriage, because they could not give birth to a child, their wives also divorced him. Whenever we communicate with the parents of these older children, we will avoid letting the children hear, so that they will not blame their parents when they grow up. The classic professional books wrote: before the age of 1 year, children with cryptorchidism have the possibility of testicular descent, the best time for cryptorchidism surgery is 1-2 years old. So I understand the best age for surgery is 1 year old! Many children with cryptorchidism found in the neonatal period who come to the outpatient clinic are explicitly told that their parents must come to the outpatient clinic for follow-up when they reach 1 year of age, and that if the testicle descended, OK, great, the child is lucky; if it doesn’t descend, surgery is needed as soon as possible, especially for high cryptorchidism in the abdominal cavity, which requires laparoscopic second-stage Fowler-Stephen surgery (if you have the first surgery at 1 year of age, and the second testicular The age of surgery for descending is 1 1/2 years old, that’s great! But if you have the surgery at 2 years old, then the age for the second testicular descent is 2.5 years old, which is very inappropriate! It has a big impact on fertility!) Secondly, about the choice of intra-abdominal cryptorchid surgery, many experts believe that the traditional surgery of one-stage descent fixation, if the spermatic cord blood vessels are not long enough, the big deal is that the testicle is placed in the outer ring, I think the temperature of the outer ring is also higher, which not only affects the activity of spermatozoa, but also is not good for the child’s own psychological development (why is it that the other children’s small balls are in the scrotum, but mine are not in the scrotum?) Some other experts, the first phase of surgery first descended in a higher position, and then descended again in the second phase of surgery. As we all know, in the second phase of surgery, due to scarring and adhesion, not only intraoperative bleeding is more, but also the anatomy is unclear, and the testicles are prone to necrosis. The fundamental reason why intra-abdominal cryptorchid testis is easy to descend to a low position is because the spermatic vessels are not long enough, so laparoscopic one-stage testicular descent and fixation has the same problem of a high descending position, and one-stage F-S has the problem of testicular ischemia and a high rate of testicular atrophy, so laparoscopic two-stage Fowler-Stephen procedure is a more reasonable procedure to deal with intra-abdominal cryptorchid testis (after a six-month period of compensation of the collateral circulation). Finally, it is about the choice of surgical procedure for cryptorchidism in the inguinal canal that conventional surgery is recommended because laparoscopic surgery requires access to the abdominal cavity, whereas conventional surgery has been operated extraperitoneally, which will greatly reduce the chance of intestinal adhesions.