(1) Treatment of bleeding and thromboembolism after flap replacement (1) Mild bleeding, such as skin bruising and gum bleeding, can reduce the dosage of warfarin according to the measurement of prothrombin time and activity. (2) Obvious bleeding, such as nosebleeding, hematuria, can stop the use of Warfarin for 1 to 2 days, while immediately to the hospital to determine the prothrombin time and activity, and gradually adjust. (3) Severe bleeding, such as hemoptysis, vomiting blood, intracranial hemorrhage, vitamin K 120mg should be injected intravenously immediately, observe for 1 to 2 days after the bleeding stops, and then re-anticoagulate. (4) In critically ill patients with anemia, whole blood, fresh plasma or coagulation factors should be used to supplement various coagulation factors. (5) In normal women during menstruation, the amount of menstruation is not much, the anticoagulant is unchanged; if the amount of menstruation is mildly increased, the amount of warfarin can be reduced; if there is a lot of bleeding, vitamin K can be injected intravenously to stop the bleeding; if the menstrual bleeding is disordered and persistent, menstrual regulating drugs should be taken; in a very few cases of heavy bleeding, hysterectomy is required. 2.Can other surgeries be performed after flap replacement? (1) Try to use anesthetic drugs that have little effect on cardiopulmonary function and strive for smooth anesthesia. (2) For patients with long-term anticoagulation, suspend Warfarin anticoagulation before surgery, or switch to short-acting heparin injection anticoagulation. Stop bleeding more carefully during surgery, and continue Warfarin anticoagulation 24-48 hours after surgery when there is no blood leakage. (3) Antibiotics should be used preoperatively, intraoperatively and postoperatively to prevent infection. (4) The operation time should be shortened as much as possible, and the use of cardiac drugs should be increased during and after the operation according to the situation. 3.Can I have children after valve replacement surgery? People with rheumatic heart disease can get married after valve replacement because their heart function and strength recover well. After marriage, attention should be paid to maintaining good heart function. Female patients should use contraception after marriage because pregnancy and childbirth will increase their heart burden and may cause hemorrhage due to anticoagulation during childbirth, resulting in life-threatening conditions. However, after pregnancy due to insistence on childbirth and other reasons, it is important to promptly visit a central hospital with cardiac surgery and decide whether to continue the pregnancy under the guidance of a doctor according to the situation. Heparin has a large molecular weight, and animal and in vivo experiments have shown that it cannot pass through the placenta and has no teratogenic effect, whereas other oral anticoagulants may pass through the placenta and cause malformations in the baby, therefore, heparin should be used as the drug of choice for anticoagulation during pregnancy.