Renal failure is a pathological state of total loss of renal function, which can jeopardize many systems such as water, electrolyte, circulation, respiratory, digestive, circulatory, hematological, neurological, endocrine, and cutaneous, etc. Clinical manifestations include edema, chest tightness, shortness of breath, nausea, vomiting, bone disease, anemia, and itchy skin.
1. Disorders of water, electrolyte, protein and lipid metabolism: puffiness of eyelids and or whole body, deep and long breathing, elevated blood pressure, etc.
2. Circulatory system: mainly manifested as hypertension, edema, chest tightness, shortness of breath, chest pain, panic and other uncomfortable symptoms, and in severe cases, even heart failure, sudden cardiogenic death and so on.
3. Respiratory system: uremic bronchitis, pneumonia, pleurisy, pulmonary edema, pleural effusion and other symptoms may appear.
4. Digestive system: it is one of the earliest symptoms, which often include nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and mouth ulcers on the tongue.
5. Hematologic system: renal anemia, bleeding, thrombosis, and so on.
6. Neuromuscular system symptoms: fatigue, insomnia, poor concentration in the early stage, followed by personality changes, depression, memory loss, and reduced judgment.
7. Endocrine dysfunction: elevated blood glucose, secondary hyperparathyroidism, and so on.
8. Skin: it can lead to itchy skin, rough skin, darker color and so on.
Once the above abnormal manifestations occur, it is recommended to go to regular hospitals in time to improve the examination for diagnosis, and follow the doctor’s instructions to standardize the treatment.