Important features of hepatitis B virus infection in the Asia-Pacific region/China: More than 90% of adults with chronic hepatitis B originate from childhood infection, and severe liver damage, including cirrhosis, liver failure, and even liver cancer, can occur in pediatric CHB; missed diagnosis and treatment of pediatric CHB is also an important factor in the large number of adults with end-stage liver disease. Therefore, antiviral therapy for CHB in childhood is very important. Effective antiviral therapy can inhibit the replication of HBV DNA to stop the active progression of liver disease, thus reducing the incidence of adult liver disease and advanced severe liver disease. Effective antiviral therapy for chronic hepatitis B is available in two categories: one: interferon alfa, including pegylated interferon alfa, which suppresses the virus through both immunomodulatory and antiviral modes of action and provides long-lasting efficacy after discontinuation without resistance mutations and the chance of HBsAg clearance; the other: nucleoside or nucleoside analogs such as lamivudine, adefovir, entecavir and telbivudine. Maintenance response to HBV suppression is achieved through the continued use of antiviral drugs. Currently, only IFNα, lamivudine, and adefovir are approved for the treatment of pediatric CHB, and the efficacy and safety of several other nucleoside analogs are being evaluated in pediatric patients. Clinical trials have demonstrated the effectiveness of IFNα for the treatment of CHB in children, and systematic meta-analyses have shown significant application of IFNα antiviral therapy after HBV infection in children. In these studies, hepatitis B e antigen, seroconversion and transaminases were normalized in 20% to 40% of the children treated with IFNα. The main predictors of response to antiviral therapy are high pretreatment ALT levels, low HBV DNA levels, late acquisition of infection, and the presence of active liver lesions. adverse reactions due to IFNα therapy are mainly classified as near-term and long-term reactions. Adverse reactions occur less frequently in pediatric patients than in adults, and the response to IFNα varies among subtypes. Lamivudine: Lamivudine is an oral nucleoside analogue with good gastrointestinal absorption. The main side effects of lamivudine treatment are a high incidence of viral resistance [e.g. tyrosine-methionine-aspartate-aspartate (YMDD) mutations] and an indeterminate longer course of therapy. Antiviral therapy with lamivudine is used as early as possible in children with decompensated liver disease. Aggressive, careful, accurate, and individualized antiviral therapy is needed for pediatric patients with chronic hepatitis B. This is one of the most important tools to stop the development of decompensated liver disease (including severe hepatitis and cirrhosis) and hepatocellular carcinoma in childhood and adulthood.