Kidney cancer is a disease caused by malignant lesions in the kidney. The malignant tumor usually starts in the tubular epithelial tissue of the kidney, and the final result of kidney cancer is to cause kidney dysfunction, and in severe cases, patients will lose their kidney function completely. The main symptoms of kidney cancer in the middle and late stages are mainly hematuria and back pain, while the early symptoms are not obvious. These two typical symptoms are also the most frequent ones among all patients. A small number of patients are aware of the lump in the abdomen during daily physical examination and then undergo specific examination to confirm. In the middle stage of kidney cancer development, some patients will have paraneoplastic syndrome, which mainly manifests as hypertension, anemia, weight loss, erythrocyte increase, high fever, fever, abnormal liver function and other symptoms. In addition, kidney cancer is divided into renal clear cell carcinoma, papillary renal cell carcinoma, renal suspicious cell carcinoma and Bellini’s collecting duct carcinoma according to the different pathological types of tumors. Certain pathological types of kidney cancer are highly malignant. As kidney cancer does not have obvious symptoms in the early stage, most of them are already in advanced stage once detected. Kidney cancer is related to various factors such as personal habits and body resistance, so it is necessary to develop good habits, not to drink alcohol or stay up late, to strengthen physical exercise, to abstain from sex and to have regular health checkups.