Kidney cancer is a malignant tumor, which is usually difficult to achieve a radical cure, and some researches claim that its 5-year survival rate is above 70%, which is related to the disease, pathology, treatment and patient status. Most kidney cancer patients do not have obvious symptoms in the early stage of the disease, and they may unintentionally find lumps in the kidney area during physical examination. If they can be detected, diagnosed and treated early, they can usually be cured through radical surgery at an early stage. For patients with kidney cancer, the clinical cure rate mainly refers to patients who survive for more than 5 years, which is called clinical cure. If the disease is not treated in time, with the further aggravation of the disease, it has reached the middle or late stage, the cure rate may be significantly decreased. For limited kidney cancer, it is usually treated by surgical resection. Some researches claim that the 5-year survival rate after surgery can generally reach more than 70%; however, if the tumor progresses, its prognosis is poor. In case of locally progressive kidney cancer, surgery combined with targeted therapy/immunotherapy is often used as a comprehensive treatment plan, and the 5-year survival rate is about 50% after active treatment. The prognosis of kidney cancer is related to pathological type, tumor stage, grading, distant and lymphatic metastasis, etc. It is also related to patient’s physical condition, so it is recommended to maintain good living habits, moderate exercise, reasonable diet and positive mindset. In conclusion, the prognosis of early-stage kidney cancer is better, but there are many factors affecting the survival period after kidney cancer surgery, so it is recommended to go to regular hospitals to evaluate the condition and follow the doctor’s instructions to avoid delaying the condition.