1.What is bronchial asthma?
Bronchial asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways involving multiple cells (eosinophils, mast cells, T-lymphocytes, neutrophils, airway epithelial cells) and cellular components with increased airway reactivity, resulting in recurrent episodes of wheezing, dyspnea, chest tightness and cough, especially at night and in the early morning hours, which are often accompanied by extensive but variable airway obstruction that These symptoms are often accompanied by widespread but variable airway obstruction, which may resolve on its own or with treatment.
2.The main symptoms of asthma?
(1) Recurrent episodes of wheezing, coughing, shortness of breath, chest tightness, etc.
(2)The attacks intensify at night and in the early morning, and most patients can be relieved by themselves or after treatment.
(3) There is another kind of cough variant asthma, which only shows recurrent attacks of cough without wheezing, and is often misdiagnosed as bronchitis when cough suppressants and anti-infective drugs are ineffective.
3.The triggers of asthma?
(1) Inhalation allergens such as dust mites, pollen and mold, animal hair, etc.;
(2) Pathogenic microbial infections such as bacteria and viruses;
(3) Physical and chemical irritants;
(4) Climate change;
(5) Exercise;
(6) Tension, excitement or strong emotions;
(7) drug factors
4.Common inhalant allergens?
(1) Mites: household dust mites, dust mites
(2) Pollen.
Spring pollen – tree pollen
Summer pollen – pasture grass (grass family)
Autumn pollen – Artemisia, grasses, ragweed
(3) Fungal spores, non-pathogenic saprophytes
(4) Pets: cats, dogs, birds
(5) Insects: cockroaches, mosquitoes, wasps
(6) silk (life contact or occupational exposure)
5, common food allergens?
(1) Milk: cow’s milk, goat’s milk
(2) Eggs: egg whites, egg yolks
(3) Oil crops: peanuts, soybeans, sesame
(4) nuts: walnuts, cashews, pistachios
(5) seafood: fish, shrimp, crab, shellfish
(6) fruits: such as apples, pears, oranges
(7) vegetables: celery, beans, tomatoes
(8) grains: wheat, oats, corn
(9) Meat: lamb, beef, pork, chicken
6.How to diagnose early asthma attack?
(1) Children with recurrent nocturnal cough.
(2) Experimental asthma medication.
(3) Diary card and PEF value recording (for children over 5 years old).
(4) Exercise provocation test (children with exacerbations during exercise only) to determine asthma diagnosis.
(5) Allergen skin test or measurement of plasma-specific IgE helps to determine risk factors.
(6) Asthma should be considered if the child has a cold that repeatedly “progresses to the lungs” or lasts more than 10 days before recovery, or if the child improves only after treatment with anti-asthmatic drugs.
7.What should be noted in infants and children?
(1) Some infants and children whose initial symptom of onset is recurrent or persistent cough, or wheezing during respiratory tract infection, are often misdiagnosed as bronchitis, wheezing bronchitis or pneumonia, and therefore treatment with antibiotics or cough suppressants is ineffective, at which time anti-asthma medication is effective, and infants and children with the above characteristics can be considered to follow the “infant asthma (2) If the child has asthma, the name of the diagnosis is “infantile asthma”.
(2) Asthma should be considered if the child’s “cold” repeatedly develops into the lower respiratory tract, lasts for more than 10 days, and improves only after anti-asthma medication.
(3) Currently, there are two types of wheezing in infants and children.
Those with atopic constitution, whose wheezing symptoms often persist throughout childhood and into adulthood.
Those without atopic constitution and family history of atopy, whose recurrent wheezing episodes are associated with acute respiratory viral infections and whose wheezing symptoms usually disappear by preschool age.