(1) congenital anomalies of the seminal vesicles: ① abnormal development of the seminal vesicles: there are several abnormalities of the seminal vesicles: Ⅰ, absence of the seminal vesicles: can occur on one or both sides, mostly combined with prostate and testicular absence; Ⅱ, duplication of the seminal vesicles: rare reports; Ⅲ, one or both sides of the seminal vesicles dysplasia. Unilateral agenesis of the seminal vesicles does not present clinical symptoms, and if bilateral agenesis is present, it causes infertility. Spermatogram may help in the diagnosis. No definite treatment is available. ②Seminal cysts: According to the source of cystogenesis, they can be divided into two categories: cysts of the seminal vesicles themselves and cysts formed by the embryonic stump of the paramedian nephron. The latter are often accompanied by other genitourinary organ malformations, such as hypospadias, hermaphroditism, and ipsilateral renal dysplasia. Regardless of the origin of the cysts, seminal cysts are single sacs of varying sizes, and those with larger volumes can be complicated by infection. When the cysts are large, they can compress the bladder or urethra, causing urination disorders, sometimes discharging bloody semen and painless bloody discharge from the urethra. Cysts can be found on two-handed palpation of the abdominal wall and rectal examination. The paramedian duct cyst is located closer to the midline and is usually larger, and the cyst fluid does not contain sperm, while the seminal vesicle cyst is located on one side, and the cyst fluid often contains sperm. Smaller cysts are observed closely. In larger cases, cystectomy is required. Usually it can be removed transabdominally or perineally. The surgery should be done carefully so as not to cause sexual dysfunction. (2) congenital anomalies of the prostate: ① no prostate: complete or partial absence of the prostate is rare, accounting for about 1/3000 of autopsies in male infants. mostly accompanied by other genitourinary organ malformations, this condition can be detected by rectal finger examination. Patients often present with hypogonadism or even inability to have an erection. No prostatic fluid is secreted, therefore, the ejaculation volume is greatly reduced. ②Ectopic prostate: prostate tissue that occurs outside the normal part of the prostate is called ectopic prostate. The ectopic prostate can occur in different locations, such as the bladder triangle, the root of the penis, the end of the residual umbilical ureter, and within the urethra of the prostate. The ectopic prostate in the urethra of the prostate often takes the form of a “urethral polyp”. Most ectopic prostates located in the bladder and urethra have hematuria or acute urinary retention due to blood clot blockage as the main symptom. The most important thing is that the ectopic prostate in the urethra, because of its polyp-like form, can be treated with electrocautery alone, and no cases of recurrence or malignant change have been found after surgery. The ectopic prostate in the bladder can be misdiagnosed as bladder cancer and a total cystectomy is performed. Therefore, awareness of this disease should be raised. The first one is a cyst on the prostate gland, called a prostate cyst, and the other is a congenital cyst on the prostate gland itself. The former is far more common than the latter. I. Etiology: The prostatic capsule originates from the fused end of the Mullerian duct, and the expansion of this capsule to form a cyst may be caused by two circumstances: because of the preservation of the caudal part of the middle parametrial duct more (such as retained to the body of the uterus or even the fallopian tube), so in some men pseudohermaphroditism is sometimes seen in the preservation of the entire middle parametrial duct structure; in a few cases the prostatic capsule is stimulated by a weak or temporary imbalance of endocrine balance and expands and hypertrophy, leading to cyst formation. II. Clinical manifestations and diagnosis: The symptoms of patients vary according to the size of the cysts. The symptoms may include urinary urgency, frequency, straining to urinate, thin urine line, residual urine and urinary retention, but hematuria is rarely seen. The cyst can be palpated in the midline of the upper prostate by rectal palpation. Spermatocysts are located lateral to the prostate and contain spermatozoa, which can be differentiated. Intravenous urography is used to identify ureteral cysts and to detect concomitant urinary tract abnormalities. Ultrasound and other tests can help to exclude other prostate diseases. Ⅲ, Treatment; for larger cysts can be surgically removed via postpubic or perineal surgery, but sometimes the removal is difficult to complete, there are advocate sacral spine pathway, better exposure can be completely removed. Injury to the adjacent seminal vesicles and ureters should be prevented during surgery. Aspiration of the cyst via perineum or rectum is prone to infection and recurrence. If the cyst protrudes into the bladder, it can be removed via the bladder.