”The International PGR Study Group, an international organization, has shown that postprandial glucose control is becoming an increasingly important aspect of diabetes management as an important marker of diabetes control. The extensive research and growing interest in postprandial glucose measurement in the medical community indicates that it is not only a more accurate measure of blood glucose concentration, but that elevated postprandial glucose values are also a sign of cardiovascular morbidity. Reliable data show that diabetic patients are two to four times more likely to develop cardiovascular disease than the general population. Moreover, those with diabetes have three times the risk of dying from cardiovascular disease than non-diabetics. According to large-scale clinical studies, postprandial blood glucose was found to be a better indicator of blood glucose control levels than fasting blood glucose. At the same time, high postprandial blood glucose is strongly correlated with cardiovascular comorbidity in diabetes, meaning that the higher the postprandial blood glucose, the more likely it is to lead to thrombosis and the higher the chance of angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and stroke. As postprandial glucose increases, the overall incidence of coronary heart disease and the incidence of fatal coronary heart disease also gradually increase. The higher the postprandial glucose, the higher the incidence of diabetic microproteinuria and diabetic retinopathy. Postprandial hyperglycemia can affect cognitive function, reducing the brain’s ability to process information and decreasing memory and attention. On the other hand, postprandial hyperglycemia can also lead to changes in mood, which can make people feel low energy and depressed, etc. Therefore, patients with high postprandial glucose can choose some insulin-producing agent drugs, such as sulfonylurea or Novaluron, in order to target treatment in terms of oral medication. In conclusion, it is very important for diabetic patients to routinely monitor fasting blood glucose, 2-hour postprandial blood glucose and glycated hemoglobin, and all blood glucose values should be kept at good levels for a long time. Good glycemic control can prevent not only diabetic macroangiopathy, such as angina pectoris, myocardial infarction and stroke, but also diabetic microangiopathy, such as diabetic nephropathy and diabetic retinopathy. Therefore, as long as they can control their diet well, exercise appropriately, take their medication on time and review regularly, diabetic patients can control their blood sugar very effectively and prevent and delay the occurrence and development of comorbidities. What is postprandial blood glucose? Postprandial blood glucose usually refers to the blood glucose 2 hours after meal. Compared with fasting blood glucose, postprandial blood glucose is a more effective predictor of the progression of decreasing glucose tolerance to diabetes. In normal individuals, elevated blood glucose after a meal rapidly stimulates insulin secretion, inhibits hepatic glucose output, increases glucose utilization by peripheral tissues (muscle and fat), and turns glucose into glycogen and fat for storage in muscle tissue. At the same time, the secretion of some hormones that raise blood glucose, such as glucagon, adrenaline, glucocorticoid and growth hormone, is inhibited so that hepatic glycogen breakdown and hepatic glucose output are reduced. Both of them work to gradually restore blood glucose to the postprandial level after eating, thus keeping blood glucose in the range of 4.4mmol/L to 7.8mmol/L. After the onset of diabetes, due to the diminishing function of pancreatic B cells, the secreted insulin becomes less and less, and cannot utilize the excessive sugar in the blood after meal into the tissue cells, presenting postprandial hyperglycemia. Second, what are the common causes of postprandial hyperglycemia? 1.Postprandial hyperglycemia is related to diabetes itself Patients with urinary disease often have significantly higher postprandial blood glucose due to impaired insulin secretion in the early phase and delayed insulin peak, and if the patient is combined with serious insulin resistance, the postprandial hyperglycemia will last for a long time. 2, high postprandial glucose is related to the patient’s neglect of postprandial glucose Most diabetic patients tend to pay attention to fasting glucose and rarely monitor postprandial glucose when monitoring blood glucose, as long as fasting glucose reaches the standard, they think everything is fine and do not need to adjust the dosage of drugs; due to the lack of monitoring of postprandial glucose, there are few series of measures taken for postprandial hyperglycemia, such as controlling diet, exercise or using drugs to lower postprandial glucose, and so on. As a result, once the doctor asks to check the postprandial blood sugar, he often finds that his blood sugar is alarmingly high and glycosylated hemoglobin is also obviously elevated. 3, postprandial hyperglycemia is also related to the patient’s diet The postprandial blood glucose in a day is obviously elevated after breakfast and lunch, which is not only related to the secretion of more hormones against insulin in the morning and the production of a large amount of glucose by the liver, but may also be related to the quality, quantity and cooking method of the patient’s breakfast. Some patients like to eat thin rice for breakfast, because thin rice is heated for a long time, starch is easily dissolved in water, and can be widely contacted with digestive juices and easily absorbed after eating. In addition, thin rice is semi-fluid, and the emptying time of the stomach is shorter after eating, so it is easier to raise postprandial blood sugar by eating thin rice for breakfast than eating dry rice. 4, high postprandial blood glucose and patients with improper medication A part of type 2 diabetes patients, there are obvious obesity and insulin resistance, but have been using long-acting insulin promoters such as euglycemic drugs, such drugs due to the long onset of action, can not improve the early phase of diabetes insulin secretion, reduce insulin resistance, so it is often difficult to control postprandial blood glucose. In addition, when some patients use insulin, they mainly use medium- and long-acting insulin instead of combining with short-acting or ultra-short-acting insulin with fast onset, so the post-prandial blood sugar is also easy to be high. How to control postprandial hyperglycemia? 1, to strictly control the diet Pay attention to the quality, quantity and cooking method of each meal, adhere to eat dry rice as the main breakfast, if you are not used to eating dry rice for breakfast, you can choose “ten grain rice” porridge, namely brown rice, black glutinous rice, millet, buckwheat, gravy, oats, lotus seeds, cereals and red barley and other portions of the mixture, if you want to taste better, you can add Longan, raisins, etc. Use this coarse grains cooked porridge, can have a sense of satiety, the gastrointestinal absorption time is long, can maintain the stability of blood sugar. 2, adhere to the appropriate exercise after meals Proper exercise after meals can consume body heat and assist in reducing postprandial hyperglycemia. It is generally recommended to start exercising half an hour after meals, and you can choose aerobic forms of exercise, such as jogging, brisk walking, etc. The intensity of exercise should not be too great, and the time is mastered in 30-45 minutes. It is recommended not to do intense anaerobic exercise, the latter can stimulate sympathetic excitation, but will raise blood sugar. 3. Pay attention to the monitoring of postprandial blood sugar After being diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, you should not only check fasting blood sugar and urine sugar regularly, but also monitor postprandial blood sugar without fear of trouble. For patients with type 2 diabetes, blood glucose should be checked daily when the condition is unstable, at least once a week when the condition is stable, fasting and 2h postprandial blood glucose, and at least once a month all day fasting, 2h postprandial and bedtime blood glucose; at the same time, the indicator of glycated hemoglobin (HbA.C) can reflect the control of postprandial blood glucose, so attention should also be paid during daily monitoring. Therefore, when considering how well your diabetes is controlled, we should pay full attention to the overall control of blood glucose, rather than one-sidedly focusing on fasting blood glucose, or one-sidedly recognizing that fasting blood glucose is well controlled. 4, use drugs that can improve the first-phase insulin secretion such as non-sulfonylurea insulin secretagogues such as Reglanet, Naglinide, fast-acting insulin analogues such as Novalis, etc. These drugs can effectively improve the early-phase insulin secretion, and have the dual effect of dose-dependent and blood glucose concentration-dependent when promoting insulin secretion, and because of their fast metabolism, the occurrence of hypoglycemia is also greatly reduced, with a very good safety. The newly developed glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) can also significantly improve glycemic control in type 2 diabetes due to its effect of significantly improving first-phase insulin secretion and inhibiting glucagon release. In addition, among many antidiabetic drugs, α-glucosidase inhibitors are also a good drug for controlling postprandial hyperglycemia due to delaying postprandial carbohydrate absorption by competitively inhibiting α-glucosidase on the small intestinal villi.