What are the four methods of tubal blockage? 1. Hysterosalpingography with iodine: Hysterosalpingography shows the size and location of the uterine cavity and the shape of the fallopian tubes on the fluoroscope and radiographs. In the case of patency, the image extends beyond the umbilical port of the fallopian tube and the diffusion of contrast in the pelvis can be seen on the radiograph. If the fallopian tubes are blocked, the site, extent and nature of the blockage can be clearly shown. This method can also identify the endometrial condition, tuberculosis lesions in the fallopian tubes and pelvis. It is the most reliable method to diagnose tubal patency with an accuracy rate of over 98%. The cost of examination is low. 2.Laparoscopy: inject pigmented fluid such as melanin into the uterine cavity through the uterine catheter. There is no flow of Meridian fluid from the fallopian tube umbilicus and into the abdominal cavity. The disadvantage is that it is impossible to know whether the blockage of the interstitial part of the fallopian tube, the isthmus and the abdominal part of the tube is really blocked, the location and the nature of the blockage, and the mucosal condition of the fallopian tube, and the cost is higher. Tubal lavage, also called tubal lavage, involves inserting a tube into the uterine cavity of the person being examined and then injecting 20ml of fluid through the tube, which is usually saline plus antibiotics. The fluid flows from the uterine cavity through the fallopian tubes and finally reaches the pelvic cavity. According to the characteristics of the uterine cavity can only accommodate 5ml volume, if all 20ml of solution can be injected smoothly without resistance, and no liquid flows back into the syringe after relaxing the syringe, suggesting that the solution has entered the abdominal cavity through the uterine cavity and fallopian tube cavity, indicating that the fallopian tube is open; if there is a lot of resistance, more than 10ml of solution flows back into the syringe after relaxing the syringe, indicating that the fallopian tube is blocked; if, despite the resistance, it can still be injected If, despite the resistance, the majority of the fluid can still be injected and there is only a small amount of reflux, the tubes are open but not unblocked. However, because the whole process is manually operated by the doctor, the diagnosis is entirely based on subjective sensory judgment, resulting in more false negatives and false positives. For example, in the case of hydrosalpinx, fluid enters the tubal cavity and although 20ml can be injected smoothly, the tubes are actually incompetent. It is also not possible to precisely determine whether the fallopian tubes are unilaterally blocked (patent) or bilaterally blocked, nor can it be specific as to which location is blocked. The tubal lavage test has the advantages of simple equipment, frugal operation and low price. This method was commonly used until the 1980s. However, in clinical practice, it was found that the misdiagnosis rate of this method is more than 50%, so it is not recommended. 4.Ultrasound examination: Ultrasound examination of the fallopian tubes includes general ultrasound examination and ultrasound lavage. In general examination, some tubal effusion can be detected on ultrasound, which is manifested as thickened dark areas of fluid on both sides of the uterus, but the diagnosis of tubal effusion or ovarian cyst cannot be confirmed on ultrasound, but can only be diagnosed as: suggesting the possibility of effusion. It is difficult to directly observe the flow of fluid in both tubes, and the presence of multiple peroxide reflux into the blood can lead to severe air embolism, which may cause death of the patient. Therefore, it is basically not used in clinical practice. The most important thing is to prevent vaginitis, endometritis and other aspects, especially vaginitis, because vaginitis is the key point of many genital inflammatory diseases and is the door to open the genitals.