I. Have you encountered these problems?
Some patients with enlarged lymph nodes have different degrees of systemic symptoms, manifested as weakness, sales, anemia, excessive sweating, fever, weight loss, etc. With the development of the disease, systemic symptoms will gradually worsen, or more serious complications such as superior vena cava compression and hyperuricemia will appear.
Focused care should be given to the patient’s condition during the treatment process, and the following points should be done.
The room should be kept with fresh air, sufficient sunlight and suitable temperature. Because of their low immune function, they are prone to secondary infections, so disinfection and isolation should be done to prevent cross-infection.
Strengthen nutrition: The diet should be high-calorie, high-protein, high-vitamin and low-fat diet as much as possible to facilitate the patient’s digestion and absorption, so as to ensure the patient’s energy supply.
Skin care: Patients with lymphoma often have itchy skin, and since the patient is bedridden for a long time and has low resistance, the skin is prone to infection after scratching, so the skin should be kept clean and dry frequently. If necessary, pads with cotton rings should be used to prevent decubitus ulcers. Pay attention to cleaning and wiping the body, and keep the skin and bed sheets clean and dry.
What is the problem of fever in lymphoma patients?
Generally speaking, there are three possible causes of fever in lymphoma patients during chemotherapy.
1. Infectious fever: Patients receiving chemotherapy are susceptible to different degrees of infection due to chemotherapeutic drugs leading to bone marrow and immunosuppression, which leads to a decrease in normal white blood cells and low immunity and resistance of the organism. The fever of infection in lymphoma patients is slightly different from the fever of other diseases. Once the fever is diagnosed as infectious, the dose of antibiotics should be large and sufficient, and the body temperature will be controlled only when the infection is controlled.
2, drug fever: chemotherapy drug-induced febrile reactions are more common, such as cytarabine, aminoglutethimide, cyclophosphamide, vincristine, levomeptazidase, etc., with more fever to varying degrees. The characteristics of fever caused by different drugs are different. Taking antipyretics and antihistamines before using drugs can reduce drug fever.
3.Cancer fever: It is caused by the stimulation of the body’s thermoregulatory center by the products of lymphoma tissue decomposition and metabolism and necrosis. It is characterized by no obvious regularity of body temperature curve, mostly low or moderate fever. Fever during chemotherapy can be considered as cancer fever only after excluding infectious fever and drug fever.
What are the usual adverse reactions of chemotherapy drugs?
1.Venous irritation and pain at the injection site
2.Anemia, easy infection, easy bleeding
3.Nausea, vomiting, diarrhea
4.Cardiac toxicity
5, kidney and liver function damage
6, abnormal neurological function
Fourth, chemotherapy during the adverse reactions how to do?
1.Nausea
Nausea, vomiting is the most common gastrointestinal reactions to chemotherapy, in addition to overcome the fear of psychological reflex vomiting, you can consult your doctor to use some antiemetic drugs. To deal with the loss of appetite, in fact, you can choose some appetizing food to enhance appetite, nausea and vomiting can take a little fresh ginger juice.
2, diarrhea
Diarrhea is easy to occur in the senior population, should pay attention to timely replenishment of water and electrolytes. If the bowel movement reaches 4-6 times a day, or also at night, you should stop the medicine and consult a doctor in time.
3.Hair loss
A special ice cap can be worn to keep the scalp temperature below 15℃ and to constrict the blood vessels in the head, thus reducing the damage of chemotherapy to the scalp and hair.
4.Other adverse reactions to cope with
Gargle with mild saline to dilute the concentration of harmful colonies in the mouth and keep the mouth clean can effectively prevent stomatitis; avoid strong friction of hands and feet, and apply hand cream locally on hands and feet can reduce hand-foot syndrome.
How to prevent and control infection during chemotherapy?
Infection is a difficult task for lymphoma patients, who often have immune dysfunction and low immune function.
Chemotherapeutic drugs can keep the immune function, so the immune function of patients after chemotherapy is more prominent. Patients are often prone to co-infections. Especially after 4 cycles of chemotherapy, the patient’s constitution decreases and immunity is extremely low, which makes it very easy to combine bacterial, viral or fungal infections. Therefore the following points need to be noted.
Make protective isolation: after the patient receives chemotherapy and during the period when the bone marrow is suppressed there should be fewer visitors, less activities, especially less activities in places where people gather, and wear masks.
Keep indoor air fresh: open windows twice a day for 15-30 minutes each time, once in the morning and once in the afternoon indoors. Disinfect with 0.5% peroxyacetic acid spray, and wipe the indoor floor and bed units with 1:200 84 disinfectant.
Good personal hygiene: instruct patients to cultivate good hygiene habits, wash hands frequently, especially after stool, before meals, before and after self-care, pay attention to dietary hygiene, do not eat cold or unclean raw food, and forbid smoking, alcohol, strong tea and coffee.
Maintain oral hygiene: ensure oral care 3 times a day. Rinse with salt boiled water several times a day, especially before and after eating, in the morning and before going to bed at night, in order to remove food residues, and observe whether there are any abnormalities in the oral mucosa and redness and swelling of the gums.
Maintain good defecation habits: drink more water, eat more honey, bananas, etc. to prevent perianal infection caused by dry stools and fissures. Pay attention to maintaining perianal and perineal hygiene, wash after each stool, and take a 20-minute sitz bath with 0.02% potassium permanganate solution.