At the beginning of the 20th century, the history of surgical treatment of rectal cancer just started, when surgical resection of rectal cancer was mainly performed transperineally.In 1892 (Weir 1901), Maunsel proposed transabdominal anal drag surgery. In 1892 (Weir 1901), Maunsel proposed transabdominal anal dragging surgery. All of these had more complications and higher recurrence rate. In 1908, Miles proposed transabdominal perineal rectal resection (APR), which was a major advancement, and after several developments, it became the mainstream procedure for low rectal cancer. However, due to the permanent colostomy, genitourinary insufficiency, and psychosocial impact caused by APR, dilatation-preserving surgery has emerged again. Many surgeons explored transabdominal perineal resection of the sigmoid colon with preservation of the dilator muscle or “drag out” surgery, including Babcock, Best, Blair, Dixon, Bacon, Black, Donaldson and Localio. In the 1930s, two-stage transperineal resection became the basic procedure for rectal cancer. In 1977, Steichen and Ravitch from the Soviet Union introduced the anastomosis to the United States, and the end-to-end anastomosis became widely used in intestinal anastomosis. Subsequently, Knight and Griffen established the double anastomosis technique, which was widely used in anterior resection of low rectal cancer. The history of surgical treatment of rectal cancer is evolving, Appleby proposed total pelvic organ resection. In 1982, Heald proposed total mesorectal excision, and there is still no absolute ideal operation. Doctors at home and abroad still need to explore new surgical methods on the basis of inheritance. 1, 24 ~ 48h after surgery, should pay close attention to the occurrence of shock and changes in water, electrolyte acid-base balance, maintain a more stable blood pressure and appropriate urine output. 2.Continuous gastrointestinal decompression, after the recovery of intestinal peristalsis, remove the gastric tube, and start to enter a semi-fluid diet. 3.After surgery, the catheter is connected to the drainage bottle and retained for 5~7d, clamped for 1~2d before removal, and opened every 2~4h to exercise the urinary function of the bladder. If there is still urinary retention 2 weeks after surgery, it should be treated as neurogenic bladder dysfunction. 4, perineal drainage tube continuous negative pressure suction, 5 ~ 7d after surgery, the drainage flow is lower than 5 ~ 10ml per day can be removed, removal should be pulled out day by day backward, removal of the drainage tube after the incision can be gradually healed. If the remaining sinus tract is not healed, warm salt water sitz bath can be used every day, and rinse with hydrogen peroxide solution to keep the wound clean and drainage smooth. If the wound does not heal for a long time, it may be due to local recurrence of the tumor, and the suspicious tissues should be examined by pathology slides in order to make a clear diagnosis and be treated accordingly, and extended pelvic tumor resection, such as TPE, should be performed if necessary.