Advanced uremia is defined as a glomerular filtration rate of less than 10 ml/min or a blood creatinine of more than 707.2 μmol/L. Uremia is also indicated to be more severe if it is accompanied by a decrease in quality of life, such as fatigue, pruritus, or progressive malnutrition. The presence of uremic encephalopathy, plagiocephaly, neurological lesions such as sensory and motor abnormalities, refractory hypertension, heart failure, recurrent hyperkalemia and severe metabolic acidosis all indicate that the patient’s uremia is more severe and requires prompt renal replacement therapy. Renal replacement modalities are hemodialysis, peritoneal dialysis and renal transplantation, and patients can take different treatment modalities according to their own conditions or economic conditions. At the same time, treatment should be actively carried out to improve patients’ quality of life, survival rate and social return rate.