Social anxiety disorder, also known as social phobia, is an excessive situational fear in which individuals fear being scrutinized in public performance situations or social situations, or fear that they may make a fool of themselves or behave in an embarrassing manner. Like other phobic patients, social anxiety disorder patients often have fearful reactions in social situations, which results in patients avoiding these situations, or feeling extremely nervous and Some scholars have predicted that it will be one of the most common psychological disorders of the 21st century. The most authoritative census in the United States reports that the lifetime prevalence of social anxiety disorder is about 14%, with more women than men, and that about 80% of patients develop the disorder before the age of 25. Two-thirds of patients are celibate, or divorced and widowed. Developmental factors The causes of social anxiety disorder have been studied in three areas: developmental factors, personality factors, and learning factors. Developmental factors emphasize the lack of parental affection and excessive parental control (e.g., overprotective) during childhood, and the perception that their parents are socially avoidant, isolated, and overly concerned with others’ perceptions of their childhood and relationships with them. Personality factors are more commonly seen in avoidant and obsessive-compulsive personality traits, accounting for about 88% of cases. Childhood separation anxiety is also associated with social anxiety in adulthood, and some studies have suggested that social anxiety disorder may initially arise in early childhood and is influenced by family, often manifesting as a general inhibition of behavior in unfamiliar situations. The learning factor theory suggests that social transition anxiety is learned, starting with the presence of specific cognitive patterns and biases – i.e., viewing events as dangerous and beyond the individual’s ability to cope – so that this threat and danger can trigger a range of emotional, physical, and behavioral responses. No definitive conclusions have been made about biological factors, but the ability of SSRIs to improve patients’ anxiety symptoms suggests that patients may have disorders of neurotransmitters such as 5-HT and NE. Clinical Recognition The most common clinical symptoms are fear of speaking in front of people; fear of talking to strangers or befriending people; fear of eating in public; and a range of physiological reactions such as palpitations, shaking, sweating, muscle tension, stomach drop, dry throat, hot and cold, headache or pressure in the head. Treatment and prevention Social anxiety disorder is a psychological disorder. If left untreated, it often has the following serious consequences: poor academic performance, limited ability to work and socialize, low financial independence, excessive expenses for medical checkups, etc. Some patients will form substance dependence with the help of alcohol and tobacco self-anesthesia, and increased risk of depression, agoraphobia and suicide. Therefore, timely diagnosis, treatment and prevention are quite important. There are four types of medication used: beta-adrenergic blockers such as Tretinoin; benzodiazepines such as Valium and Glaxoquine; monoamine oxidase inhibitors such as Moclobemide and pentazocine reuptake inhibitors such as Celete, Zoloft, Lanzai, Prozac and Xipomol, etc. The main role of medication is to reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety and reduce the patient’s high interpersonal sensitivity and The main effect of the drugs is to reduce the physical symptoms of anxiety and to reduce the high interpersonal sensitivity and the accompanying depression. However, each medication is associated with certain adverse effects and needs to be taken under the supervision of a specialist psychologist or psychiatrist. The vast majority of the research literature affirms the efficacy of psychosocial treatments such as social skills training, gradual exposure, relaxation training, cognitive transformation, and a range of cognitive-behavioral techniques for social anxiety disorder. The application of cognitive and behavioral techniques in group format is generally considered to be the best psychosocial intervention because many patients develop cognitive deficits in social situations, such as overestimating how critical others will be of them, being overly concerned about what others think, underestimating their ability to interact, and fearing anxiety reactions. Cognitive-behavioral group therapy (CBGT) is mostly used abroad for patients with social anxiety, and the specific method is to treat a group of 6 patients for 12 weeks, with therapeutic sessions once a week for 2.5 hours each time, for a total of 12 sessions. The content includes: (1) cognitive-behavioral explanation and analysis of social terror; (2) stereotype practice to train patients to apply cognitive reconstruction techniques; (3) exposure of patients to simulated fearful situations during group group activities; (4) learning relaxation and cognitive coping strategies while simulating exposure; (5) assigning patients home-behavioral homework, i.e., physical exposure to practice some daily situations, during the interval between treatments; (6) Before and after the home-based behavioral homework exercises, the patients themselves mastered the application of conventional cognitive reconstruction techniques. After completing 12 weeks of treatment, and then once a month for a total of 6 sessions for the consolidation process, throughout the treatment process, the therapist focused on emphasizing the patient’s learning of cognitive coping skills while actively applying these techniques to social situations. In fact, the most significant aspect of social anxiety is prevention; more than 80% of patients have their onset in adolescence or young adulthood, an age when psychological development, personality improvement and social adaptation are key processes, so prevention is particularly important, as outlined below: ① School education emphasizes collectivism, cultivating the habit of learning to do things together with others, recognizing “the world is made up of everyone, not a one-person world”; ② consciously train them from adolescence not only to learn from books, but also to learn to learn knowledge and skills from outside books, i.e., to learn to listen and observe in interpersonal interactions, and gradually accumulate interpersonal communication skills; ③ build self-confidence and face setbacks, and put “(4) For the society or educators, eliminate prejudice and reduce excessive pampering, encourage more and treat the growth of adolescents and young people with a developmental perspective; ⑤ Parents should learn to psychologically “separate” from their children, not to control and control too much, and always reflect on their own words and actions, because parents are the role models for young people to learn from, and in a subtle way, every move you make will be assimilated into your children’s behavior. This is the truth.