The incidence of congenital cataracts in newborns is about 4%. Congenital cataracts are a common childhood eye disease, most of which are clouding of the lens that occurs before and after birth, and a small percentage that develops gradually after birth. The incidence of congenital cataracts in newborns is about 4 per 1,000, and the causes are related to genetic factors, as well as infectious diseases such as rubella, chickenpox, measles, mumps, and thyroid deficiency, malnutrition, and vitamin deficiency during maternal pregnancy. Some congenital cataracts manifest as white pupil area, which is commonly known as “white pupil”, and parents can easily observe this type of children. Parents often present to the doctor with nystagmus, strabismus, or other ocular and systemic congenital abnormalities. Early detection and treatment of congenital cataracts in infants and children is essential. Since infants are in the sensitive stage of visual development, if congenital cataracts are not detected and treated in time, they will definitely lead to form deprivation amblyopia and permanent low vision, and it is impossible to restore visual function even after they grow up and undergo surgery. Therefore, early detection and treatment of congenital cataracts in infants and children is necessary. For pediatric cataracts, individualized treatment plans should be adopted according to the different types of cataracts and other comorbidities of the children. The conventional surgery is “extracapsular extraction of the lens + continuous annular tearing of the posterior capsule + anterior vitrectomy”, which is in accordance with international standards and has good postoperative results, high success rate and few complications. It is important to note that cataract removal is not the end of treatment.