Esophagitis (i.e., esophagitis) is an inflammatory disease in which the esophageal mucosa is stimulated by different factors to become edematous and congested, the most common of which is reflux esophagitis; while esophageal cancer is a malignant tumor that occurs in the esophageal mucosal epithelium. The former is a benign disease with a benign course, although symptoms recur over a long period of time, while the latter can be life-threatening. The main symptoms of esophagitis are heartburn, acid reflux, and chest pain. It may be accompanied by belching and bloating and nausea. It is associated with uncontrolled eating. Symptoms can be triggered by eating cold, sour and spicy foods, eating too much, smoking and drinking, etc. Oral alkaline medications or drugs that inhibit gastric acid secretion can relieve symptoms. The symptoms recur or are relieved by long-term chronic recurrence. Difficulty in swallowing may also occur, but it is often intermittent, light and heavy at times. Esophageal cancer has no obvious symptoms in the early stage, and once symptoms appear, it will enter advanced stage. The typical symptom is gradually worsening dysphagia, which may initially be a foreign body sensation when swallowing, or difficulty in swallowing when eating solid food, and then worsens to difficulty in eating retained food. It may be accompanied by chest pain, which is also a symptom of late stage, while rapid weight loss occurs due to eating disorder. It should be noted that esophageal cancer may be secondary to esophagitis. If, on the basis of the symptoms of long-term esophagitis, the symptoms continue to worsen recently and the effect of medication is not good, the occurrence of esophageal cancer should be alerted and timely medical treatment is needed. Clinically, gastroscopy or esophagoscopy is usually used to distinguish esophagitis from esophageal cancer, and the treatment methods are different for different causes.