Youth is approaching, like a big enemy, children puberty, the busiest may be we parents. Parents should not only pay attention to the psychological changes of their children during puberty, but also pay more attention to their children’s height. In the hospital, we often hear parents ask: “Doctor, my child is already menstruating, can she still grow taller?” The child is usually a picky eater and is not in good health, so it didn’t grow, can it still grow now?” “Both parents are not tall, will the child be affected?” “Is my child suffering from dwarfism, is there a cure?” . Regarding height, how can we know if our child’s height is normal and if he or she has dwarfism? Let’s listen to what I have to say. What is dwarfism? Dwarfism is a condition in which a child’s height is significantly less than 2 standard deviations (-2SD), or less than the third percentile, of the average height of a normal group of children of the same race, age, and gender at a normal standard of living. For reference only, I found a document entitled “Standardized growth curves for height and weight of children and adolescents aged 0-18 years in China”, which was derived from a large-scale epidemiological survey study. The etiology of dwarfism is complex and varied. The common clinical causes of dwarfism are: growth hormone deficiency, hypothyroidism, idiopathic dwarfism, intrauterine growth retardation, insulin-like growth factor deficiency, etc., and the diagnosis and treatment of dwarfism due to this etiology. Figure 1. Table of height standard deviation unit values Figure 2. Table of height percentile values How to diagnose dwarfism? Growth hormone deficiency is one of the most common causes of dwarfism in children. Its main cause is the partial or complete absence of GH synthesized and secreted by the anterior pituitary gland due to various factors, or GH structural abnormalities or receptor defects, which cause growth disorders. So let’s take the common growth hormone deficiency as an example and talk about how to diagnose growth hormone deficiency. Diagnostic criteria for growth hormone deficiency: (1) height below the 3rd percentile or minus 2 standard deviations compared to the height of normal children of the same age, sex and race; (2) sequential growth hormone stimulation test results of two drugs (insulin and levodopa) show a peak value of <10ng/ml; (3) routine blood, liver and kidney function, blood lipids and thyroid function tests do not show any significant abnormalities; (4) growth hormone deficiency between the age of 3 and puberty is not diagnosed. (4) growth velocity (GV) <5cm/year from age 3 to prepubertal; growth velocity <6cm/year when in puberty; (5) bone age (BA) is 2 years or more behind the actual age (CA). Also need to exclude criteria: (1) combined with other endocrine hormone secretion abnormalities; (2) combined with genetic metabolic diseases, abnormal skeletal development, chronic diseases and chromosomal diseases; (3) severe malnutrition, familial idiopathic dwarfism, less than fetal age children and other non-growth hormone deficiency patients. Each child's nutritional status is different, and the growth spurt may occur early or late. As long as the child's height is not much different from that of normal children of the same age, it is normal. As we have already said, as long as the difference is below 2 standard deviations or below the third percentile, it is considered as dwarfism. We hope that parents will pay attention to their children's height and identify the problem in time so as not to miss the best time for treatment.