Lithium carbonate is primarily used to treat bipolar disorder. After administration, patients commonly experience adverse reactions including dry mouth, thirst, excessive drinking, polyuria, constipation, diarrhea, nausea, vomiting, and epigastric pain, as well as tremors in the hands, depression, weakness, drowsiness, blurred vision, and hyperactive tendon reflexes, which may also cause elevated white blood cells. Since the therapeutic and toxic amounts of lithium carbonate are relatively close, the blood concentration of lithium carbonate should be monitored to help patients adjust the therapeutic dose through monitoring to improve the therapeutic effect, and also to detect poisoning in time and make corresponding adjustments to ensure the safety of patients with the drug.