Emphysema is a manifestation of clinical imaging diagnosis, mostly enhanced translucency of both lungs, commonly seen in bronchial asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, while pneumothorax is mostly formed by rupture of pulmonary herpes. According to the number and location of pulmonary blisters, the degree of pneumothorax formation after the rupture of pulmonary blisters can be generally inferred. There are three types of pneumothorax, i.e., spontaneous pneumothorax, traffic pneumothorax and tension pneumothorax, while spontaneous pneumothorax is mostly seen in ruptured pulmonary herpes. Emphysema is usually manifested as heart fatigue and shortness of breath after activity, which is a manifestation of chronic lung function decline. While pneumothorax is mostly sudden dyspnea with heart fatigue and shortness of breath. Imaging can find that the lung tissue is compressed after the formation of pneumothorax, while emphysema imaging suggests that the translucency of both lungs is enhanced, and the two are relatively easy to distinguish.