Kidney cancer is one of the common malignant tumors in the urinary system, and its incidence rate is 2%-3%. A small number of clinical patients with large kidney tumors or have invaded the renal pelvis will show symptoms such as lumbar pain, abdominal mass, hematuria, etc. However, most patients with kidney tumors do not have obvious symptoms in early stage, so most of the early tumor diagnosis mainly relies on imaging examinations: for example, conventional ultrasound can detect lesions above 25px, but ultrasound does not have good benign and malignant diagnostic tendency, except for the diagnosis of malignant tumor. The diagnosis of misshapen tumor. Therefore, during daily physical examination, if ultrasound suggests neoplasm or occupancy in the kidney, further enhanced CT or MRI should be performed, because malignant renal tumor is rich in blood supply, and enhanced contrast will have enhanced changes, which is good for differentiating benign and malignant renal tumor. Recently, with the development of ultrasonography, it is no longer a problem to distinguish renal cyst and cystic kidney cancer in clinical practice. Because imaging examination only has a diagnostic tendency, and 5%-10% of kidney tumors are difficult to identify the nature by imaging. Therefore, the final diagnosis of tumor still needs to rely on pathological diagnosis, which is the most reliable basis for biopsy results after kidney tumor removal. After kidney tumor is detected by some methods mentioned above, most patients will choose surgery. However, a small number of patients will continue to observe and wait for a period of time. The treatment means of kidney cancer mainly include: 1.Surgical treatment. 2.Immunotherapy. 3.Chinese medicine. 4.Radiation and chemotherapy. 5.Drug treatment. With the development of diagnostic imaging, more and more kidney cancers have been diagnosed at early stage, and the current trend at home and abroad is indeed minimally invasive treatment. However, the traditional surgical treatment still cannot be replaced. The surgical treatment of kidney tumor mainly includes: radical kidney cancer surgery and kidney unit preservation surgery. Radical kidney cancer surgery is mainly divided into open surgery and laparoscopic surgery. A large amount of data at home and abroad show that both surgical methods can achieve satisfactory results, which mainly depends on the patient’s decision and the technical level of the surgeon. Renal preservation surgery mainly includes: partial nephrectomy, renal tumor ablation, and ultrasonic high-energy focusing. For kidney tumors less than 100px, both open and laparoscopic partial nephrectomy have been developed more perfectly, and there is no significant difference in the efficacy between the two surgical methods, while laparoscopic surgery has become the mainstream of surgical treatment for kidney tumors today because of the advantages of less damage and shorter hospital stay. At present, several domestic units have started to carry out robotic surgery, but it is still in the initial stage. With the improvement of people’s awareness of minimally invasive surgery and the increase of early kidney cancer diagnosis, ablation of kidney tumor and high-energy focusing are developing rapidly. Ablation: In short, it is to kill tumor cells and tissues through local temperature change, which includes microwave ablation, radiofrequency ablation and cryoablation; and all the above three methods include transdermal and transabdominal approaches. The main principle of high-energy ultrasound focusing is also similar to ablation, but the equipment is replaced with a high-energy ultrasound probe. These newly developed minimally invasive means have been available abroad for more than a decade, while in China it has been about 5 years in the past. It is now generally accepted in China and abroad that early renal tumors less than 50px can achieve the same results as kidney preservation surgery through ablation. Although some international units also perform ablative surgery for tumors below 100px, the efficacy still needs to be proven in large samples. Since most kidney cancers are not sensitive to traditional radiotherapy, in addition to surgery, immunotherapy can also be combined to improve the immunity of patients. For such patients, it is currently advocated to perform resection of primary foci + targeted therapy. After a period of targeted drug therapy, some patients have significantly reduced the size of kidney tumor or metastases and can undergo resection of metastases or primary foci. However, the efficacy of targeted drug therapy varies from person to person, and there are certain toxic side effects, and some new targeted drugs need to be further researched and developed.