Epilepsy is a complex and varied clinical presentation of seizures due to differences in the site of onset and mode of delivery of abnormal discharges, which can manifest as seizure motor, sensory, autonomic, consciousness, and psychiatric disorders. The causes of epilepsy are diverse. After regular antiepileptic drug treatment, about 70% of patients with epilepsy can have their seizures controlled, and 50% to 60% of them can be cured after 2 to 5 years of treatment, and patients can work and live like normal people. So, what are the signals that can tell epilepsy is coming to play a role? Nine signals Alert to epilepsy coming 1, comprehensive tonic-clonic seizures: characterized by sudden loss of consciousness and generalized tonicity and convulsions, the typical seizure process can be divided into the tonic phase, clonic phase and late seizure. The duration of a seizure is usually less than 5 minutes, often accompanied by tongue bite, urinary incontinence, etc., and can easily cause choking and other injuries. Tonic-clonic seizures can be seen in any type of epilepsy and epilepsy syndrome. 2, aphasic seizures: typical aphasic manifestation is the sudden onset, action is suspended, staring, calling should not, there may be blinking, but basically not accompanied by or accompanied by mild motor symptoms, the end is also abrupt. It usually lasts 5-20 seconds, but rarely lasts more than 1 minute.
It usually lasts 5-20 seconds, but rarely lasts more than 1 minute. It is mainly seen in children with epilepsy with loss of consciousness. 3. Tonic seizures: They are characterized by strong and continuous contractions of the whole body or bilateral muscles, and muscle rigidity, which fixes the limbs and trunk in a certain tense position, such as axial dorsiflexion or forward flexion of the trunk. They often last from a few seconds to tens of seconds, but usually do not exceed one minute. Tonic seizures are most often seen in patients with diffuse organic brain damage, and are generally a sign of severe disease, mainly in children, such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome. 4. Myoclonic seizures: are sudden, rapid and short muscle contractions, which are similar to electric shock-like shaking of the torso or limbs, sometimes several times in a row, mostly after awakening. It can be a generalized movement or a localized movement. Myoclonus is clinically common, but not all myoclonus is a seizure. There are both physiological and pathological myoclonus. Myoclonus with EEG spikes and slow waves is an epileptic seizure, but sometimes the spikes and slow waves of EEG may not be recorded. Myoclonic seizures are seen both in some patients with idiopathic epilepsy with a good prognosis (e.g., benign myoclonic epilepsy in infants, juvenile myoclonic epilepsy) and in some epilepsy syndromes with a poor prognosis and diffuse brain damage (e.g., early myoclonic encephalopathy, severe myoclonic epilepsy in infants, Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, etc.). 5, spasticity: refers to infantile spasms, which manifest as sudden, brief tonic flexion or extension contractions of the trunk muscles and bilateral limbs, mostly manifested as seizure nodding and occasionally seizure backwardness. The entire course of the muscle contraction is about 1 to 3 seconds, often in clusters. It is common in West syndrome, and other infantile syndromes can sometimes be seen. 6, atonic seizures: is due to the sudden loss of muscle tone of the bilateral part or the whole body, resulting in the inability to maintain the original posture, sudden collapse, falling limbs and other manifestations, the seizure time is relatively short, lasting a few seconds to more than 10 seconds is common, the duration of the seizure is not accompanied by obvious impairment of consciousness. Atonic seizures mostly alternate with tonic seizures and atypical aphasic seizures in epilepsy with diffuse brain damage, such as Lennox-Gastaut syndrome, Doose syndrome (myoclonic-standing inability epilepsy), and early stage of subacute sclerosing holoprosencephalitis. However, there are certain patients who only have atonic seizures, the etiology of which is unknown. 7. Simple partial seizures: the seizures are conscious and last from a few seconds to more than 20 seconds, rarely more than 1 minute. According to the origin and involvement of different parts of the discharge, simple partial seizures can be expressed as motor, sensory, autonomic and mental, the latter two rarely appear alone, and often develop into complex partial seizures. 8, complex partial seizures: seizures are accompanied by varying degrees of impaired consciousness. It is manifested as a sudden stop of movement, eyes straightened, not to fall down, no change in facial color. Some patients may have automaticity, some involuntary and unconscious movements, such as lip licking, lip smacking, chewing, swallowing, groping, face wiping, hand clapping, walking aimlessly, talking to oneself, etc., which cannot be recalled after the seizure. Most of them originate in the medial temporal lobe or limbic system, but they can also originate in the frontal lobe. 9, secondary generalized seizures: simple or complex partial seizures can be secondary to generalized seizures, most commonly secondary to generalized tonic clonic seizures. Partial seizures secondary to generalized seizures still belong to the category of partial seizures, which are obviously different from generalized seizures in terms of etiology, treatment and prognosis, so the differentiation of the two is particularly important in clinical practice.