Etiology of gallbladder cancer The etiology of primary gallbladder cancer is still unclear. However, it has become a consensus that cholecystitis, cholelithiasis, bacterial infection, disorders of bile acid metabolism and gallbladder mucosal hyperplasia are related to the occurrence of gallbladder cancer. In addition, high-fat diet, smoking and alcoholism are also risk factors for the occurrence of gallbladder cancer. The ratio of male to female incidence of gallbladder cancer is 1:2.7, and the average age of incidence is 65.2 years. There are often no specific symptoms in the early stage, and when found, it is mostly in advanced stage. According to domestic statistics, 31.6% of gallbladder cancer patients have gallbladder stones at the same time; the occurrence of gallbladder cancer is closely related to the size of stones, and the incidence of gallbladder cancer is 1.0% for stones <10mm in diameter; 2.4% for stones 20-22mm in diameter; 10% for stones >30mm in diameter.