The pathogenesis of gallbladder cancer, like other tumors, has not yet been fully understood. However, the occurrence of gallbladder cancer is closely related to some benign diseases of the biliary tract, such as gallbladder stones, gallbladder adenoma and abnormal confluence of biliopancreatic ducts. It is widely believed that gallbladder stones are an important risk factor for gallbladder cancer. Domestic data reported that nearly half of gallbladder cancer patients have gallbladder stones at the same time, and some studies showed that the risk of gallbladder cancer for patients with gallbladder stones is about ten times that of non-gallbladder stones, and the larger the stones are, the higher the chance of gallbladder cancer. The larger the stone, the higher the risk of gallbladder cancer. The risk of gallbladder cancer is five to six times higher for those with stones larger than 2 cm than those with stones smaller than 1 cm. In addition, long-term chronic cholecystitis combined with gallbladder wall calcification, which is called “porcelain gallbladder”, also has a higher cancer rate. With more and more health checkups, the proportion of gallbladder polyp-like lesions is also on the rise, most of these “gallbladder polyps” are multiple cholesterol polyps, which are not “real” tumors and generally do not cause cancer. If it is a single polyp, the size is more than 1cm, flattened and thickened, there are more chances of carcinoma, which should be considered as precancerous lesions and should be treated early.