At present, the worldwide recognized principle of lung cancer treatment is comprehensive treatment, which is based on the basic condition of patient’s body, tumor pathological type and tumor stage, and adopts multidisciplinary comprehensive treatment mode and rational application of surgery, chemotherapy, radiotherapy and biological targeting, in order to achieve the goal of eradicating or maximizing tumor control, increasing cure rate, improving patient’s life quality and prolonging patient’s survival. Currently, the treatment of lung cancer is still mainly based on surgery, radiotherapy and drug therapy. Surgical resection is the most important treatment for early to mid-stage lung cancer and the only way to cure lung cancer clinically at present. Lung cancer surgery is divided into radical surgery and palliative surgery, and radical resection should be strived for. According to the role of radiotherapy, radiotherapy is divided into radical radiotherapy, palliative radiotherapy, adjuvant radiotherapy and prophylactic radiotherapy. Drug therapy for lung cancer includes chemotherapy and molecular targeted drug therapy. In recent years, the development of molecular targeted therapy has been rapid, and it is now recognized that stage IV lung cancer should be tested for mutation of epidermal growth factor receptor by obtaining tumor tissues before starting treatment, and corresponding treatment strategies should be formulated according to the EGFR mutation status.