ECMO is a special way of extracorporeal circulation, which originates from extracorporeal circulation and has been developed and extended on the basis of extracorporeal circulation to provide temporary cardiopulmonary support. ECMO differs from extracorporeal circulation in the following aspects: first, the place of implementation is different, extracorporeal circulation is usually implemented in the operating room to provide support for cardiac surgery as well as liver transplantation in thoracic department, while the place of ECMO implementation Secondly, ECMO is a closed system, while extracorporeal circulation is an open system with many tubes connected to it; thirdly, the anticoagulation requirements are different, as extracorporeal circulation is a systemic heparinized anticoagulation with high anticoagulation requirements, while ECMO is mostly a partial anticoagulation with a low dosage of heparin; fourthly, extracorporeal circulation uses hypothermia, which usually lowers the patient’s body temperature to Fifth, ECMO does not require hemodilution, the patient’s blood is as thick as usual and the pressure volume is higher, while in the process of extracorporeal circulation, hemodilution is used to reduce resistance and destruction of blood components; Sixth, the intubation sites are different, in extracorporeal circulation surgery, more intubations are placed in the ascending aorta and right heart intubation. The process of ECMO depends on different patterns and mainly uses some peripheral cannulae, such as femoral artery cannulae, internal jugular vein cannulae, and common carotid artery cannulae.