Rabies, also known as hydrophobia, is an acute zoonotic disease of natural origin caused by the rabies virus. Rabies virus is mainly transmitted between animals. The main sources of rabies infection are dogs, monkeys, cats, pigs, cattle, and horses with rabies virus. The disease is primarily contracted through the invasion of rabies virus in the saliva of animals that bite humans. The epidemic is widespread and the death rate is extremely high, almost 100%. It poses a serious threat to people’s lives and health. Symptoms of the disease After a person is bitten by an animal infected with the rabies virus, there are no symptoms during the incubation period. In the early stages of rabies, patients tend to have symptoms such as low fever, headache, general malaise, nausea, irritability, insomnia, fear and anxiety, etc. Patients become unusually sensitive to stimuli such as sound, light or wind, and immediately feel tightness in the throat when slightly stimulated. There is also numbness, itchiness and pain around the healing wound and its innervation area, and the abnormal sensation of ants walking. 2-3 days later, the disease enters the excitement phase. The patient is highly excited, highlighted by the expression of extreme terror, fear of water, fear of wind, and severe muscle spasms in the throat when encountering sound, light, wind, etc. Although the patient is thirsty but does not dare to drink water, even hearing the sound of running water or others talking about water, the patient will also have throat spasms. In severe cases, the patient also has painful convulsions throughout the body, causing difficulty in breathing. Most patients with rabies are conscious; however, some patients appear to be mentally disturbed. After a period of excitement of about two or three days, the patient becomes quiet, however, general paralysis ensues, with failure of both respiratory and circulatory system functions, and rapidly falls into a coma, and death occurs after several hours. Fear of water is one of the symptoms characteristic of most manic forms of rabies. First aid measures Wound treatment, including thorough irrigation and disinfection, is important to prevent the occurrence of rabies. 1. Thorough irrigation Thoroughly irrigate the wound with 20% soapy water or water for at least 15 minutes. 2.Disinfection treatment After thorough rinsing, rub the wound with 2-3% iodine. 3.Wound treatment after rinsing and disinfection (1) As long as the large blood vessels are not injured, try not to suture, and should not be bandaged. (2) when the wound is large or facial serious injury affects the face, really need to suture, after doing the cleaning and disinfection, should first use human source immunoglobulin for infiltration injection around the wound, so that the antibody infiltration into the tissue to neutralize the virus. After a few hours (not less than 2 hours), sutures and dressings should be applied; for larger wounds to avoid secondary infection, a permeable dressing should be used to cover the wound. If necessary, the sutures should also be loose and sparse to allow for continued drainage. (3) Deeper wounds and serious contamination should be treated with anti-tetanus and antibiotics as appropriate to control other pathogenic microbial infections. (4) Rabies vaccination is, in principle, more effective the earlier the vaccination is given. However, if the vaccine is given more than 24 hours before it takes effect, that is, before the vaccine stimulates the body to produce sufficient immunity, the vaccine can be effective, but the effect is not necessarily good. For people who have been exposed for several days or months and have not received rabies vaccine for various reasons, the vaccine should be given as soon as it is available, just as for those who have just been exposed, so that the vaccine can take effect before the onset of the disease, when the dose of the previous injection or the first two injections should be doubled.