Gluteus maximus gait: The gluteus maximus is the primary hip extension and spinal stabilizer muscle. It controls the center of gravity forward when the foot touches the bottom. When the muscle strength decreases its role is changed to be compensated by ligamentous support and paraspinous muscles, resulting in abrupt hip recession in the early support phase and anterior lumbar convexity in the middle phase to keep the line of gravity behind the hip joint. The walking characteristics of gluteus maximus weakness are characterized by chest up and waist belly, the N cord muscle can partially compensate for gluteus maximus, but with peripheral nerve injury, the innervation of the N cord muscle and gluteus maximus is often damaged at the same time. Gluteus medius gait: the patient’s pelvis shifts more than 5° downward toward the affected side in the early and mid-support phase, the hip joint is convex toward the affected side, and the patient develops compensatory lateral bending of the shoulder and waist to increase pelvic stability. The lower extremity on the affected side is relatively too long, so knee and ankle flexion increases in the swing phase to ensure ground contouring. The typical gait characteristic manifests as a duck gait. Hip flexor weak gait: The hip flexor is the main accelerator muscle in the swing phase, and its reduced strength causes a lack of power for limb travel in the swing phase, which is only compensated by the trunk swinging backward at the end of support and suddenly forward in the early swing phase, and the gait length on the affected side is significantly shortened. Quadriceps weakness gait: quadriceps is the main muscle that controls knee stability, quadriceps weakness makes the knee joint must be in hyperextension in the early support phase, using gluteus maximus to keep the proximal femur in position and biceps to keep the distal femur in position, thus keeping the knee joint stable. Knee hyperextension leads to anterior trunk flexion, generating additional knee moment for posterior use. Prolonged exposure to this state will greatly increase knee ligament and joint capsule loading, leading to injury and pain. Ankle dorsiflexor weak gait, also known as cross-threshold gait: Patients with foot drop raise the affected limb very high to keep the toe off the ground, as if crossing an old-fashioned threshold posture. It is seen in patients with common peroneal nerve palsy. After the foot touches the bottom, the support phase is shortened early and rapidly enters the middle support phase because the ankle joint cannot control plantarflexion. In severe cases, patients develop foot drop in the swing phase, resulting in functional hyperextension of the lower extremity, often compensated by excessive hip flexion and knee flexion (step-up gait), while the early part of the support phase consists of the full foot or forefoot touching the ground first. Gastrocnemius/flounder weak gait: manifests as impaired ankle dorsiflexion control, prolongation of the end of the support phase and reduced lower extremity propulsion, resulting in delayed anterior pelvic motion and shortened stride length on the non-involved side, along with increased knee flexion moment on the affected side, resulting in knee flexion and knee collapse gait. Hemiplegic gait: Hemiplegic gait refers to the gait formed when one limb is normal and the other limb is paralyzed due to various diseases. The typical features are the reduced range of motion of the knee joint during the swing phase due to stiffness and the inversion of the affected foot; in order to step the paralyzed side of the lower limb forward, the shoulder joint of the affected side drops during the swing phase, the pelvis is compensatingly elevated, and the hip joint is abducted and externally rotated, so that the affected side of the lower limb draws half an arc through the lateral side to step the affected side of the lower limb forward.