I. Concept
Allergic rhinitis, also known as allergic rhinitis, is an allergic disease of the nasal mucosa and can cause a variety of complications. Allergic rhinitis is a common and frequent disease. It is also a non-infectious inflammatory disease of the mucosal tissue of the nasal cavity. It is a chronic nasal disease caused by a deliberate reaction between external allergic substances (allergens) and the cotton-coated defensive cells of the nasal mucosa, resulting in a series of nasal symptoms.
The disease can occur at any age, including infancy, and most patients appear before the age of 20 years, and is a common disease.
II. Classification
From the onset of the duration of the classification.
1, seasonal rhinitis: pollen, common in spring and autumn. This type of rhinitis has a rapid onset, heavy symptoms, often with paroxysmal sneezing, nasal itching, a lot of watery snot and nasal congestion. Often accompanied by conjunctivitis, sometimes with measles and asthma.
2. Perennial rhinitis: the symptoms last for more than 9 months each year. Mostly caused by indoor allergens such as dust mites or their feces. Animals in the house, especially cats and dogs. Perennial rhinitis has less sneezing except in the early morning, and rarely combined with conjunctivitis symptoms.
III. Symptoms
When inflammation occurs in the nose, the nasal cavity can secrete large amounts of nasal mucus and can turn yellow due to infection, manifesting as congestion or edema, and patients often experience the following symptoms.
1. Sneezing: There are often paroxysmal sneezing episodes every day, which can reach 10-20 at a time.
2. Nasal discharge: clear water-like nasal discharge is usually in large amounts. It often causes nasal vestibulitis and upper lip peeling.
3, nasal congestion: the degree varies. Seasonal rhinitis causes nasal congestion due to swelling of the nasal mucosa.
4, nasal itch: most patients have nasal itch, sometimes accompanied by throat itch, palate itch, ear itch, etc.
5 .Decreased sense of smell: the mucous membrane of the nose is obviously edematous.
6 .Headache: Long-term will cause headache, dizziness and other uncomfortable symptoms.
Mild: it does not have a great impact on the patient’s life; moderate or severe: it interferes with the patient’s life, leading to a decrease in quality of life, learning and working efficiency, and if left untreated, it can cause sinusitis, otitis media, nasal polyps, bronchial asthma, etc.
Almost all patients with allergic rhinitis suffer from different degrees of conjunctivitis. Learn about the causes of allergic rhinitis and avoid exposure as much as possible.
1, inhalation allergens: such as indoor and outdoor dust, dust mites, fungi, animal fur, feathers, cotton wool, etc., mostly cause perennial attacks; plant pollen caused by the most seasonal attacks.
2, food allergens: such as fish and shrimp, eggs, milk, flour, peanuts, soybeans, etc.. Special drugs, such as sulfonamides, quinine, antibiotics, etc. can cause the disease.
3, contact allergens: such as cosmetics, gasoline, paint, alcohol, etc.
Fourth, drug treatment
For many patients with allergic rhinitis, the use of a drug is not enough to eliminate the symptoms, but requires multifaceted treatment.
1. Antihistamines: are preferred, which can inhibit histamine-induced sneezing, nasal itching and runny nose.
(1) Paracetamol, Xyosmin, etc. The latter is toxic to the heart and should be used with caution.
(2) Sodium cromoglycate: It can prevent the appearance of nasal symptoms.
(3) Ketotifen, budesonide nasal spray. Prednisone tablets, etc.
(2) Nasal congestion should be supplemented with decongestants: such as pseudoephedrine, baixazoline, etc.
V. Other treatments
1, local treatment: microwave, laser to reduce the sensitivity of nerve endings, partly effective.
2, surgical treatment: pterygoid canal neurectomy or Iwadai superficial neurectomy to reduce the excitation of parasympathetic nerves. The latest treatment includes plasma therapy.
3.Immunotherapy (formerly known as desensitization therapy ): Immunotherapy can result in significant improvement of symptoms in 80%-85% of patients. However, it sometimes triggers metamorphic reactions in patients.
4.Chinese herbal therapy: acupuncture point patch therapy
Sixth, precautions
Try to eat less spicy food and stimulating food. Try not to smoke, drink less; eat less seafood, mutton, chili and other spicy and irritating foods. Pay attention to the details of life and living, try to avoid or reduce allergens.