Cognitive disorders in children are neuropsychological developmental abnormalities in children. Cognition in children includes a range of random, psychological and social behaviors involving learning, memory, language, thinking, spirituality, and emotion. Brain injury, environmental and psychological factors may cause this disease. 1. Brain injury, such as perinatal risk factors, infection, trauma, accidental asphyxiation, poisoning, cerebrovascular disease and other causes of central nervous system injury, can cause cognitive impairment in children. 2. Changes in the living environment or psychological factors can also cause mental health problems in children, which can lead to related behavioral problems, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, autism spectrum disorders, sleep disorders and other diseases, thus causing cognitive impairment in children. There may be other reasons for children’s cognitive disorders, so it is recommended to go to the hospital in time, improve the examination to clarify the cause of the disease, and then give targeted treatment or therapy under the guidance of the doctor.