Possible causes of posterior thigh muscle pain include posterior thigh muscle strain, disc herniation, pyriformis syndrome, fascial inflammation, etc. Its treatment mainly includes general treatment, physical therapy, medication, surgical treatment and so on. 1. Posterior thigh muscle strain: first of all, activities should be reduced, so that the posterior thigh muscles get sufficient rest, which is conducive to recovery. In the early stage of injury, local cold compresses can be applied, and after 72 hours, hot compresses can be applied. When the pain is obvious, oral non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, such as ibuprofen, celecoxib, meloxicam, etc., can effectively control the symptoms. 2. Herniated disc: Rest should be paid attention to. When the acute attack of herniated disc occurs, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, diclofenac, and meloxicam can be used to relieve the pain, and can also be used together with muscle relaxants such as chlorzoxazone. Physical therapy such as hot compresses, acupuncture, and moxa may also be used. Surgery may be needed if conservative treatment is not effective. 3. Piriformis syndrome: non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs such as ibuprofen, celecoxib and diclofenac can be used to relieve pain, infrared heat therapy, electrotherapy, ultrasonic shock and other physiotherapy can also be taken, and localized closure therapy is also optional. In severe cases, surgical treatment may be required. 4. Fascial inflammation: part of it can be relieved by resting, and can be combined with hot compresses and massage to promote the inflammation to subside, and when the pain is obvious, the above mentioned non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs can be used to relieve the pain. Localized closed treatment can also be used. There may also be other causes of muscle pain in the back of the thigh, if the rest can not be relieved, it is recommended to consult a doctor for a clear diagnosis and receive appropriate treatment. These medications should be used under medical supervision.