Etoricoxib is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug with anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antipyretic effects, mainly through its action on cyclooxygenase. Cyclooxygenases include two subtypes: cyclooxygenase-1 and cyclooxygenase-2. Cyclooxygenase-1 is involved in prostaglandin-mediated physiological functions such as gastric mucosal protection and platelet agglutination. Cyclooxygenase-2 is primarily involved in the production of prostaglandins, which can cause pain, inflammation, and fever. Etoricoxib is a selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitor that reduces signs and symptoms and also reduces gastrointestinal side effects due to its relatively high selectivity, and does not affect platelet function. Etoricoxib is clinically suitable for the treatment of osteoarthritis, also for the treatment of gouty arthritis, and also for the treatment of primary dysmenorrhea. In conclusion, etoricoxib belongs to non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, mainly with anti-inflammatory and pain-relieving effects.