Herpes simplex virus (HSV) invades the central nervous system causing corresponding inflammatory changes, clinically known as herpes simplex virus encephalitis (HSV).
simplex virus encephalitis,
HSE, also known as acute necrotizing encephalitis, is the most common viral infectious disease in the CNS. The disease has a global distribution and can develop throughout the year, with no significant gender differences, and can develop at any age. The incidence of HSE abroad is (4-8)/100,000, and the prevalence is 10/100,000; accurate epidemiological data are lacking in China. In the central nervous system, HSV most often involves the temporal lobe, frontal lobe and limbic system of the brain, causing hemorrhagic necrosis of brain tissue and/or metabolic brain damage. The mortality rate of untreated HSE is upwards of 70%. What is the diagnosis of herpes simplex virus encephalitis based on? 1, clinical diagnosis based on: ① history of herpes of the mouth, lips or genital tract, or the current onset of skin and mucosal herpes; ② rapid onset, severe disease, fever, cough and other prodromal symptoms of upper respiratory tract infection; ③ obvious mental behavior abnormalities, convulsions, impaired consciousness and early signs of focal neurological injury; ④ increased CSF red and white blood cell count, normal sugar and chloride; ⑤ EEG with predominantly temporal and frontal area damage ⑤ EEG with diffuse brain abnormalities mainly in the temporal and frontal regions; ⑥ Focal hemorrhagic cerebral softening foci in the temporal lobe detected by cranial CT or MRI; ⑦ Effective treatment with specific antiviral drugs can indirectly support the diagnosis. (2) Diagnosis based on examination: (1) Significant changes in HSV-specific antibodies found by double serum and cerebrospinal fluid examination; (2) Inclusion bodies found in tissue cells by brain tissue biopsy or pathology, or HSV viral nucleic acid found by in situ hybridization; (3) Viral DNA found by PCR of CSF; (4) HSV isolation, culture and identification of brain tissue or CSF specimens.