1. Idiopathic dwarfism is (ISS) one of the most common causes of childhood dwarfism. It refers to children whose height is more than two standard deviations (-2SD) lower than the mean height of people of the same race, age and sex in a similar environment or below the 3rd percentile, with no clear cause for the time being, excluding other diseases such as hyposecretion of growth hormone, congenital ovarian insufficiency, precocious puberty, chronic organic diseases and hypothyroidism. Its prevalence is about 20% in children with short stature below the 3rd percentile of height.
2. Turner’s syndrome, also known as congenital ovarian hypoplasia, is a disease caused by congenital chromosomal abnormalities. Congenital ovarian hypoplasia occurs only in girls, with about one in every 2,000 to 2,500 live births. Short stature is the most common clinical manifestation of Turner syndrome, in addition to a lack of secondary sexual characteristics, specific physical features, and sometimes varying degrees of mental retardation.
Growth hormone deficiency (GHD) is a growth disorder caused by insufficient GH secretion due to hypothalamic-pituitary dysfunction.
Children with growth hormone deficiency often exhibit growth disorders, with slowed growth generally appearing from 5 months after birth, mostly evident at 1 to 2 years of age. The degree of growth retardation increases with age. Generally, height is 2 standard deviations or below the 3rd percentile compared to the mean height of normal children of the same age and gender, and in severe cases, 3 standard deviations below normal children.
The bone age of children with growth hormone deficiency is delayed, usually by 2 years or more.
Children with growth hormone deficiency often exhibit growth disturbances, with slowing of growth generally beginning 5 months after birth, with most becoming apparent by 1 to 2 years of age. The degree of growth retardation increases with age. Generally, height is 2 standard deviations or below the 3rd percentile compared to the mean height of normal children of the same age and gender, and in severe cases, 3 standard deviations below normal children.
The bone age of children with growth hormone deficiency is delayed, usually by 2 years or more.