Benign prostatic hyperplasia referred to as prostate hyperplasia is an increase in prostate tissue cells, not hypertrophy, is a common disease in older men. Since the age of 35 years old and above, the prostate can have different degrees of hyperplasia, and clinical symptoms appear after the age of 50. The incidence of the disease is increasing year by year, generally 50% of men aged 50-60 years old have prostate hyperplasia, and by the age of 80 years old, it can be as high as 80%-90%. The increase in the size of the prostate gland compresses the urethra, narrowing the urethra, causing bladder outlet obstruction, difficult urination, and in severe cases, urinary retention, such as obstruction for too long, which can lead to renal impairment, resulting in uremia and life-threatening. If diagnosed in time and treated effectively, it can be completely cured. The etiology of prostate hyperplasia is not yet completely clear, in many factors with the elderly male sex hormone balance imbalance, especially the role of androgens is more important. Internal causes are the basis, external causes are conditions, the main causes: chronic prostate inflammation is not completely cured, or urethritis, cystitis, etc. so that the prostate tissue congestion and hyperplasia; excessive sex life, so that the sexual organs congestion, prostate tissue persistent bruising and enlargement; lack of physical exercise, arteries are easy to sclerosis, the prostate gland, localized blood circulation caused by poor hyperplasia; frequent alcoholism or long-term alcohol consumption, such as spicy and spicy food, stimulating prostate hyperplasia. The prostate enlargement is stimulated by spicy food and other stimulating foods; endocrine disorders, leading to the emergence of prostate hyperplasia. Prostatic hyperplasia people generally after the age of 50 years old gradually appeared in urination or urinary difficulties of clinical symptoms, more obvious above 60 years old. Clinical manifestations worsen with increasing degree of bladder outlet obstruction. The earliest symptom of prostatic hyperplasia is frequent urination, followed by progressive aggravation of urinary difficulty, further development of urinary retention to urinary incontinence; and a series of complications. Frequent urination is the early signal of prostate enlargement, especially the increase in nocturia is more clinically significant. Generally speaking, the number of nocturia is often parallel to the degree of prostate enlargement. The emergence of 1~2 times of nocturnal urination in the elderly who originally did not get up at night often reflects the onset of early obstruction, while the development from 2 times per night to 4~5 times per night or even more indicates the development and aggravation of the lesion. Difficulty urinating is the most prominent clinical symptom of prostate enlargement. The degree of difficulty in urination is not proportional to the size of the enlarged prostate, but to the degree of obstruction. Early manifestations of waiting for urination, thinning of the urine line, weakness, interruption of the urine flow, shortening of the range, prolonged urination time, etc., with the obstruction aggravated by the progressive aggravation of urinary difficulty, the need to compress the abdomen to assist urination or urination and dribbling after urination. Urinary retention, prostate hyperplasia more serious advanced patients, obstruction is serious when the urine can not be discharged due to cold, alcohol, hold urine for too long or infection and other causes of acute urinary retention. Urinary incontinence, most of the prostate enlargement will have urinary incontinence, especially at night when sleeping, appearing similar to the performance of enuresis. Complications such as infection, hematuria, pyelonephrosis, and uremia can occur with prostate enlargement. Rectal palpation is a simple and valuable method to diagnose prostate enlargement, palpation can understand the shape and size of the prostate, texture, symmetry, the middle groove, surface smoothness, whether there are nodules or pressure pain and the boundary of the gland, it is also one of the effective methods to differentiate between the early stage of prostate cancer.B-sound examination is the most commonly used method of diagnosis of prostate hyperplasia, and the amount of residual urine is an important indicator of the reaction to the obstruction of the bladder neck and the function of the urethra muscle. The residual urine volume is an important indicator of bladder neck obstruction and urethral muscle function, and it is also one of the important bases for deciding whether a patient is eligible for surgical treatment, so ultrasound examination should check the residual urine volume. In addition, there are urodynamic examination, cystoscopy, prostate-specific antigen examination. The treatment of prostatic hyperplasia, for those who do not cause obvious obstruction generally do not need treatment, obstruction is mild or can not tolerate surgery can be used medication or palliative surgery. If the residual urine volume in the bladder is more than 60 milliliters, or if there has been acute urinary retention in the past, and if the patient’s general condition is able to tolerate the surgery, the patient should strive for early surgical treatment. Treatment should be based on clinical symptoms, severity of obstruction, amount of residual urine, general condition and complications to choose the most appropriate treatment program. The treatment of prostate enlargement can be divided into waiting observation, drug treatment, non-surgical treatment, heat therapy, and surgical treatment. Prostatic hyperplasia prevention and care, develop good eating habits, diet should be light and nutritious, eat more vegetables and fruits, keep bowel movement; prostatic hyperplasia patients should drink more water, more urination, especially for the bladder has a residual amount of urine is more important, drinking water time is appropriate in the middle of the day, in the afternoon or at night, as far as possible, less or no use; patients should be less cycling, don’t sit for a long time, to often change position, to moderate sex life. Patients should regularly check the prostate specific antigen, prostate specific antigen combined with rectal diagnosis to improve the detection rate of prostate cancer.