What is cervical cancer?

Cervical cancer is clinically known as cervical cancer, and the high incidence age is 50-55 years. The prevalence of cervical cancer screening has enabled early detection and treatment of cervical cancer and precancerous lesions, and its incidence and mortality have decreased significantly. The etiology of cervical cancer is associated with long-term persistent HPV (human papillomavirus) infection, multiple sexual partners, smoking, early sexual intercourse (<16 years), sexually transmitted diseases, low economic status, oral contraceptive use and immunosuppression. Common symptoms include: 1. Vaginal bleeding: often manifests as contact bleeding, i.e. vaginal bleeding after sexual intercourse or gynecological examination. It may also manifest as irregular vaginal bleeding, or prolonged periods and increased menstrual flow. Older patients often have irregular vaginal bleeding after menopause. 2.Vaginal discharge: Most patients have white or bloody vaginal discharge, thin like water or rice slop, with fishy odor. In advanced stage, due to necrosis of cancer tissue and infection, there may be large amount of rice slop-like or pus-like foul-smelling leucorrhea. 3.Late stage symptoms: according to the extent of cancer involvement, different secondary symptoms may appear, such as frequent urination, urgent urination, constipation, swelling and pain of lower limbs, etc.; when cancer compresses or involves ureter, it may cause ureteral obstruction, hydronephrosis and uremia; in late stage, there may be anemia, cachexia and other symptoms of systemic failure. Therefore, cervical cancer is a tumor of female reproductive tract caused by cancer of cervical tissue, and the main symptoms are abnormal vaginal bleeding and vaginal discharge. Early detection and early treatment are the keys to treat cervical cancer. Patients with the above-mentioned high-risk factors are recommended to have early cervical cancer screening.