What are the possible after-effects of facial fat grafting?

The facial blood flow is rich and the amount of fat required for transplantation is small, so the survival rate of fat transplantation is high and generally not prone to serious sequelae. If there is a problem with the technique and method of fat injection, or if the amount of fat transplanted in a single time is too much or the injection is too concentrated, a large amount of fat will accumulate together and the lack of local blood supply will lead to fat dissolution, liquefaction, absorption and even fat necrosis, which will affect the health of the candidate and the results of the surgery. When fat is injected, too much fat is injected at a certain point and the transplanted fat fails to survive, resulting in an inflammatory reaction and fibrous encapsulation, which manifests as a harder solid mass, i.e., hard nodes and nodules. Asymmetry may also occur with fat grafting, mostly due to unequal amounts of bilateral grafting, or asymmetry of the face itself, or due to uneven absorption of fat from both sides. Obvious asymmetries can be corrected by re-fat grafting. Fat grafting is usually done in excess, but if the grafted fat survives beyond expectations, bloating of the grafted area may occur. If the grafted fat continues to grow, consider lipoma-like hyperplasia, which requires surgical removal. If the injection site is located in the ligamentous distribution area, the tissue is less elastic or there is scar tissue, it is more difficult for the grafted fat to enter the scarred area or ligamentous distribution area, and it migrates to the surrounding lax tissue and fat migration occurs. Postoperative local skin unevenness may be caused by surgical swelling or uneven grafting, which is usually seen in the early postoperative period. Most of them can be absorbed in 3-6 months after surgery. If it is not absorbed, the patient should be admitted to the hospital for surgery to correct it.